全球海洋模式对不同强迫场的响应

虎雅琼; 刘海文; 李阳春; 徐永福

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1405.13292

全球海洋模式对不同强迫场的响应

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1405.13292

1.
成都信息工程学院大气科学学院, 成都610225;中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京100029
2.
成都信息工程学院大气科学学院, 成都610225
3.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京100029

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目2010CB951802,国家自然科学基金资助项目 41105087、41075091

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-10-22
- 修回日期: 2014-05-26

Responses of a Global Ocean Model to Different Forcing Fields

1.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225;State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225
3.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

摘要

摘要: 使用中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的全球海洋环流模式(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model,LICOM),通过设计三个试验,即以德国马克斯—普朗克气象研究所整理的海洋模式比较计划(OMIP)资料和美国国家海洋资料中心(NODC)发布的《世界海洋图集2009》(WOA09)资料为强迫场的试验W,用美国环境预报中心(NCEP)和国家大气研究中心(NCAR)联合推出的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料(简称NCEP资料)中的风应力资料代替试验W中的风应力资料的试验M,以及用NCEP资料中的热力强迫代替试验M中的热力强迫资料的试验N,来研究不同的热力和动力强迫场对模式的影响。三个试验的模拟结果均模拟出了水团和流场的分布型和极值区。从三个试验的结果对比可以看出,NCEP资料较弱的风应力使得试验M环流场明显偏弱,减弱了大洋内部的温盐输送,加大了深海温盐模拟结果与观测资料的偏差,但对原模式过强的南极中层水的输送有所改善。NCEP的短波辐射通量和非短波热通量弱于OMIP,且在两极区域NCEP资料的海表温度比WOA09资料最多低 4℃以上。试验N的模拟结果改善了南大洋60°S以南海区试验W 模拟的海表温度偏高问题,减小了北冰洋部分海域以及副热带大洋东部海表温度的偏差。此外,试验N高纬度较低的海表温度增强了北大西洋深水以及南极底层水的输送,因而改善了深海的温盐模拟结果。三个试验在一些关键海区得到的经向热输送在观测估计及前人模拟结果的范围中,总体上试验M的输送最弱。综合三个试验的模拟结果,可以认为OMIP风应力资料和NCEP海表温度资料更适合作为LICOM模式的强迫场。
- 海洋环流模式 /
- 强迫场 /
- 风应力 /
- 热力强迫
Abstract: Using a global ocean general circulation model, this study addressed the influences of different thermal and dynamical forcing fields on model simulation. We designed three different numerical experiments, including a run called Experiment W with forcing from the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) and the World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), a run called Experiment M in which the wind stress in Experiment W is replaced with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data, and a run called Experiment N in which the thermal forcing in Experiment M is also replaced with NCEP/NCAR data. These simulations were performed with the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP) climate system ocean model (LICOM). All three numerical experiments generated the observed distribution features of water mass and large-scale circulation. A comparative analysis of these three experiments shows that because of weak wind stress in the NCEP data, the simulated circulation fields are weaker in Experiment M than those in Experiment W. The transport strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Experiment M, for example, is 13% weaker than that in Experiment W, and the strengths of two overturning cells on both sides of the equator, as well as the Deacon Cell, are reduced in Experiment M. These results reduce the transport of temperature and salinity in Experiment M, leading to increases in the differences of temperature and salinity between the simulations and observations in deep water. However, the relatively strong transport of Antarctic intermediate water in Experiment W is modified in Experiment M. Because both the short-wave radiation fluxes and other non-short-wave thermal fluxes are smaller in the NCEP data than those in the OMIP data, and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the two polar regions in the NCEP data is more than 4℃ lower than that in the WOA09 data, the simulated results from Experiment N are better, weakening the higher SST in the region south of 60°S obtained by Experiment W. Experiment N also reduced the deviation of SST in some areas of the Arctic Ocean and the eastern subtropical region that was obtained in other experiments. In addition, lower SST values in the higher regions in Experiment N enhance the transport of North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water, so that the simulated temperature and salinity in the deep water are also improved. The meridional heat transport, in the critical areas obtained by three experiments, generally lies within the uncertainty range obtained with the data-based estimate and estimates by other researchers. In general, the meridional heat transport in Experiment M is weakest. Based on the synthesis of the three simulation results, we conclude that the OMIP wind stresses and the NCEP SSTs are more suitable for use as LICOM forcing fields.
- Ocean general circulation model /
- Forcing field /
- Wind stress /
- Thermal forcing

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