江西地区层状暖云微物理结构特征及云雨自动转化阈值函数的研究

靳雨晨; 牛生杰; 吕晶晶; 王元; 谢勇; 林文

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2102.20166

江西地区层状暖云微物理结构特征及云雨自动转化阈值函数的研究

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2102.20166

靳雨晨^1,,
牛生杰^{1, 2, ,},
吕晶晶^{1, 3},
王元¹,
谢勇⁴,
林文⁵

1.
南京信息工程大学大气物理学院气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，南京 210044
2.
南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院，南京 210009
3.
中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室，南京 210044
4.
江西省人工影响天气领导小组办公室，南昌 330046
5.
福建省灾害天气重点实验室，福州 350003

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范”重点专项2018YFC1507905，国家自然科学基金项目41775134、41822504、41675136、42075063，江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目KYCX20_0920

详细信息

作者简介:
靳雨晨，女，1995年出生，硕士研究生，主要从事云雾降水物理学研究。E-mail: jinyuchenxiaoyu@163.com

通讯作者:
牛生杰，E-mail: niusj@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: P401
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- 文章访问数: 133
- HTML全文浏览量: 18
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-06
- 录用日期: 2021-02-26
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-25

Study of the Microphysical Structural Characteristics and Cloud–Rain Autoconversion Threshold Function of Stratiform Warm Clouds in Jiangxi

Yuchen JIN^1
,,
Shengjie NIU^{1, 2
, ,},
Jingjing LÜ^{1, 3},
Yuan WANG¹,
Yong XIE⁴,
Wen LIN⁵

1.
Collaborative Innovation Center Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
2.
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009
3.
Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing 210044
4.
Jiangxi Weather Modification Office, Nanchang 330046
5.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350003

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program“Monitoring, Warning, and Prevention of Major Natural Disasters”Key Project (Grant 2018YFC1507905), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41775134, 41822504, 41675136, 42075063), Innovative Project of Postgraduates in Jiangsu Province (Grant KYCX20_0920)

摘要

摘要: 本文利用机载云粒子探测设备对2014年11月6日至12月25日期间在江西地区探测获得的7次暖云飞行个例资料，详细分析降水云和非降水云的微物理结构特征。云雨自动转化阈值函数（T）是描述云内碰并强度的重要微物理参量。我们发现T值在云内分布呈现云底较小，随着云内高度的增加T值逐渐增大，并且在云中部和上部达到最大值；研究还发现降水云的T值在0.6以上的频率远大于非降水云，表明降水云中的碰并过程更强，云滴更易通过凝结和碰并过程形成雨滴，符合暖云降水机制。降水云中云滴谱相对离散度（ε）和云滴数浓度（N_c）的负相关程度较非降水云更为显著，随着T的增大，二者的负相关程度增强；相比于云滴平均半径（r_a）的变化，云滴谱标准差（σ）的变化主导ε–N_c负相关程度的增强。
- 层状暖云 /
- 微物理参量 /
- 云雨自动转化阈值函数
Abstract: This study analyzes the microphysical properties of precipitating and nonprecipitating warm clouds based on seven-flight cloud measurements from 6 November 2014 to 25 December 2014 in Jiangxi Province. The autoconversion threshold function (T) represents the probability of collision–coalescence process occurrence in clouds, which is critical for determining the initial time and intensity of precipitation. The authors found that, in general, T increases with height above the cloud base, with the maximum value occurring in the middle and upper parts of clouds. The occurrence frequency of T>0.6 in the precipitating clouds is larger than that in the nonprecipitating clouds, indicating a stronger collision–coalescence process and a greater probability of raindrops generated by the condensation and collision–coalescence processes in the precipitating clouds. There is a negative relationship between the relative dispersion of cloud droplet size distribution (ε) and the number concentration of cloud droplets (N_c), and this negative relationship becomes more evident with increasing T. Compared with the average radius of cloud droplets (r_a), the standard deviation of cloud droplet size distribution (σ) dominates the enhancement of the degree of the negative relationship between ε and N_c.
- Stratiform warm clouds /
- Microphysical parameters /
- Cloud–Rain autoconversion threshold function

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图 1 飞机飞行轨迹和地形（彩色阴影，单位：m）

Figure 1. Flight trajectories and topography (shadings, units: m)

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图 2 2014年（a）11月6日、（b）11月7日、（c）11月10日、（d）11月11日、（e）11月30日、（f）12月3日、（g）12月25日08时500 hPa位势高度场（等值线，单位：dagpm）、700 hPa风场（风羽）。橙色圆点表示飞机起飞的地点

Figure 2. 500-hPa geopotential height (contours, units: dagpm) and 700-hPa wind (wind barbs) at 0800 BJT (Beijing time) on (a) 6 November, (b) 7 November (c) 10 November (d) 11 November (e) 30 November (f) 3 December (g) 25 December 2014. The orange points indicate where the plane takes off

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图 3 2014年11月7日飞机飞行轨迹。橙色矩形区域表示云区，彩色阴影表示云滴数浓度（N_c，单位：cm⁻³）

Figure 3. Flight trace on 7 November 2014. The orange rectangle represents the cloud area, color shadings represent the number concentration of cloud droplets (N_c, units: cm⁻³)

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图 4 2014年11月6日至12月25日七架次飞行探测到的（a–c）降水云和（d–f）非降水云中云滴数浓度（N_c，单位：cm⁻³）、液态水含量（C_LW，单位：g cm⁻³）、云滴平均直径（D，单位：μm）的垂直分布特征

Figure 4. Vertical distribution characteristics of the number concentration (N_c, units: cm⁻³) of cloud droplets, liquid water content (C_LW, units: g cm⁻³), average diameter of cloud droplets (D, units: μm) in (a–c) precipitation clouds and (d–f) nonprecipitation clouds detected by seven sorties from 6 November to 25 December 2014

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图 5 2014年11月6日至12月25日七架次飞行探测到的不同高度下（a）降水云和（b）非降水云云滴谱分布特征。D表示云滴平均直径

Figure 5. Distribution characteristics of cloud droplet spectra in (a) precipitation cloud and (b) nonprecipitation cloud detected by seven sorties at different heights from 6 November to 25 December 2014. D represents average diameter of cloud droplet

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图 6 2014年11月（a）7日、（b）10日、（c）11日、（d）12月3日T的云内垂直分布。阴影表示T值的标准差

Figure 6. Vertical distributions of T (autoconversion threshold function) in the cloud on (a) 7 November, (b) 10 November, (c) 11 November, (d) 3 December 2014. The shadings represent the standard deviation of T

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图 7 2014年11月6日至12月25日七架次飞行探测到的非降水云和降水云中T分布的柱状图。纵坐标代表各范围所占百分比，阴影代表高度（单位：m）

Figure 7. Distribution histograms of T in nonprecipitation clouds (NP) and precipitation clouds (P) detected by seven sorties from 6 November to 25 December 2014. y-axis represents the percentage of each range, and shadings represent the height (units: m)

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图 8 2014年11月6日至12月25日七架次飞行探测到的不同T范围内（a）降水云和（b）非降水云的云滴谱分布特征

Figure 8. Distribution characteristics of cloud droplet spectra in (a) precipitation clouds and (b) nonprecipitation clouds detected by seven sorties at different ranges of T from 6 November to 25 December 2014

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图 9 2014年11月6日至12月25日七架次飞行探测到的（a）降水云、（b）非降水云N_c与云滴谱离散度ε相关关系随C_LW（彩色阴影）变化的分布

Figure 9. Correlation distributions with C_LW (color shadings) between N_c and ε (cloud droplet spectral dispersion) for (a) precipitation clouds, (b) nonprecipitation clouds detected by seven sorties from 6 November to 25 December 2014

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图 10 2014年11月6日至12月25日七架次飞行探测到的非降水云和降水云的云雨自动转化阈值（T）与云滴谱离散度（ε）的相关关系

Figure 10. Correlations between T (autoconversion threshold function) and ε for precipitation clouds and nonprecipitation clouds detected by seven sorties from 6 November to 25 December 2014

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图 11 2014年11月6日至12月25日七架次飞行探测到的（a）非降水云和（b）降水云在不同T范围内ε–N_c相关关系

Figure 11. Correlations between N_c and ε for (a) nonprecipitation clouds and (b) precipitation clouds detected by seven sorties at different ranges of T from 6 November to 25 December 2014

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图 12 2014年11月6日至12月25日七架次飞行探测到的不同T范围内云滴微物理量（a）ε、（b）σ、（c）r_a与N_c的关系

Figure 12. Correlations between N_c and (a) ε, (b) standard deviation (σ), (c) loud droplet mean radius (r_a) detected by seven sorties at different ranges of T from 6 November to 25 December 2014

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表 1 飞行探测概况

Table 1. General situation of flight detection

架次	日期	飞行时间段	最大飞行高度/m	天气形势	降水量/mm
F1	2014年11月6日	13:40～16:10	3179	高空低槽东移中层位于西南急流带，急流较弱	0.0
F2	2014年11月7日	09:55～12:45	4471	高空低槽东移，位于西南急流带，水汽条件较好	2.6
F3	2014年11月10日	09:35～12:25	4461	高空低槽东移中层位于西南急流带，急流较弱	0.0
F4	2014年11月11日	09:48～12:03	3808	高空低槽东移中层位于西南急流带	0.1
F5	2014年11月30日	12:54～16:25	4783	高空低槽东移，冷空气南下	0.0
F6	2014年12月3日	09:35～12:55	4410	高空低槽东移中层位于西南急流带	0.4
F7	2014年12月25日	09:29～12:45	4126	高空低槽东移中层位于西南急流带，急流较弱	0.0
注：降水量为飞机观测期间赣州机场附近地面气象观测站的6 h雨量。

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