Differences in the Effects of New Particle Formation on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity in Beijing and Xingtai
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摘要: 基于2016年冬季和2017年夏季在北京、2016年夏季在邢台的三次气溶胶外场观测实验，选取三次观测期间典型的新粒子生成事件，分析其对气溶胶吸湿和云凝结核（CCN）活化特性的影响。两地分别位于华北平原北部超大城市区域和中南部工业化区域，两地不同季节新粒子形成机制不同，对应的凝结汇、生长速率以及气溶胶化学组分也不同。北京站点新粒子生成事件的发生以有机物的生成主导，而邢台站点新粒子生成事件的发生则以硫酸盐和有机物的生成共同主导。邢台站点新粒子生成过程中气溶胶吸湿性及云凝结核活化能力明显强于北京站点，此特点在核模态尺度粒子中表现尤为明显。以上结果表明，在估算新粒子生成对CCN数浓度的影响时，应充分考虑气溶胶吸湿和活化特性的差异。Abstract: Taking aerosol field measurement experiments conducted in the summer of 2016 at Xingtai (XT) site and the 2016 and 2017 winters at Beijing (BJ) site as examples, the effects of typical new particle formation (NPF) events on aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity were investigated. BJ and XT are respectively located in a northern megalopolis area and a central–southern industrial area in the North China Plain. The formation mechanisms of new particles in different seasons at the two sites were different, and the corresponding condensation sink, growth rate, and aerosol chemical composition were also different. Organics and sulfate were the dominant chemical species formed during NPF events at the BJ and XT sites, respectively. Furthermore, the XT site exhibited significantly stronger aerosol hygroscopicity and CCN activity than the BJ site, especially for the nucleation mode particles. The results of this study indicate that the difference in aerosol hygroscopicity and activation ability should be fully considered in the estimation of the influence of NPF on CCN number concentration.
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Key words:
- Aerosol /
- New particle formation /
- Hygroscopicity /
- Cloud condensation nuclei
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图 1 北京（BJ）、邢台（XT）观测站点在地形高度图中的位置
Figure 1. Locations of Beijing (BJ) and Xingtai (XT) sampling sites in the topographic elevation map
图 2 北京2016年冬季（左列）、北京2017年夏季（中间列）和邢台2016年夏季（右列）三次观测实验新粒子生成事件中的（a–c）气溶胶数浓度尺度谱（PNSD）的日变化、（d–e）三种模态粒子数浓度（N，单位：cm−3）和（g–i）凝结汇（Cs）的日变化
Figure 2. Diurnal variations of (a–c) aerosol particle number size distribution (PNSD), (d–e) aerosol number concentration (N, units: cm−3) in three modes, and (g–i) condensation sinks (Cs) during the selected new particle formation (NPF) events in the three experiments in Beijing winter 2016 (left column), Beijing Summer 2017 (middle column) and Xingtai summer 2016 (right column)
图 3 北京冬季（左列）、北京夏季（中间列）和邢台夏季（右列）三次观测实验新粒子生成事件中的气溶胶化学组分质量浓度的平均日变化（第一行），各类化学组分质量占比的平均日变化（第二行）以及各类化学组分的平均质量占比（第三行）。图例中给出的分别为有机物（Organic，简称Org）、硫酸盐（Sulfate，简称SO4）、硝酸盐（Nitrate，简称NO3）、铵盐（Ammonium sal，简称NH4）、氯盐（Chloride salt，简称Chl）和黒碳（Black carbon，简称BC）
Figure 3. Diurnal variations of the mass concentrations (top line) and mass fractions of aerosol chemical compositions (second line); the mass fractions of aerosol chemical compositions (bottom line) during the selected new particle formation (NPF) events in the three experiments in Beijing winter (left), Beijing Summer (middle) and Xingtai summer (right). The legend shows organic matter (Org), sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), ammonium salt (NH4), chloride (Chl) and black carbon (BC)
图 4 三次观测实验新粒子生成事件中的细粒子（PM1）气溶胶化学组分质量浓度对比
Figure 4. Comparison of the mass concentrations of aerosol chemical compositions in PM1 (the particulate matter with diameter less than or equal to 1 μm) during the selected new particle formation (NPF) events in the three experiments.
图 5 北京冬季（左列）、北京夏季（中间列）和邢台夏季（右列）三次观测实验新粒子生成事件中的吸湿性参数（κ）日变化（第一行）和不同过饱和度（SS）下CCN数浓度日变化（第二行）
Figure 5. Diurnal variations of aerosol hygroscopicity parameters (top line) and CCN number concentrations at different supersaturation (SS) levels (bottom line) during the selected new particle formation (NPF) events in the three experiments in Beijing winter (left), Beijing Summer (middle) and Xingtai summer (right)
图 6 三次观测实验中新粒子生成事件中（a）不同粒径粒子的吸湿性参数和（b）不同过饱和度（SS）下CCN数浓度增强因子的对比
Figure 6. Comparisons of (a) hygroscopicity parameters and (b) enhancement ratios of CCN number concentrations at different supersaturation (SS) levels during the selected new particle formation (NPF) events in the three experiments
表 1 三次观测实验新粒子生成事件中的粒径增长速率
Table 1. Aerosol growth rates (
$G_r $ ) in selected NPF events during the three experiments地区 季节 粒径增长速率/nm h−1 北京 冬季 1.8 夏季 2.4 邢台 夏季 2.0 
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