Development of New Diffusion Cloud Chamber Type and Its Observation Study of Ice Nuclei in the Huangshan Area

In this study, a high-voltage ice nuclei collector and a static vacuum water vapor diffusion cloud chamber, which were developed by the author, were combined with additional atmospheric ice nuclei and meteorological element observation instruments to simultaneously observe the constant ice nuclei and meteorological elements at three heights of Huangshan area from May to September 2011 and from September to October 2012. The results show that in the study region, the average number concentration of ice nuclei is 18.74 L^-1 in total nucleate mode, 0.79 L^-1 in condensation freezing nucleate mode, and 0.79 L^-1 in deposition nucleate mode. The number concentration of ice nuclei on the Huangshan area declined with an increase in altitude to remain higher in spring, moderate in autumn, and lower in summer, attaining the peak value in the afternoon and the minimum value at night. The number concentration of ice nuclei observed in this area is lower than that in the northern parts of the country. The number concentration of ice nuclei on the top of Huangshan Mountain decreased with an increase in activation temperature and increased upon supersaturation. Moreover, the value increased with an increase in wind speed, mainly from the southwest to the top of Huangshan Mountain. However, the concentration of ice nuclei on the top of Huangshan Mountain has been more significantly affected by aerosols transported over long distances from the northeast direction, which mainly created large particles.