北京冬季大风过程大气边界层特征分析

杜群; 洪钟祥; 刘翔卿

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.16086

北京冬季大风过程大气边界层特征分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.16086

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
2.
云南省腾冲机场气象台, 云南腾冲 679100

基金项目:

国家自然科学青年基金项目 41505007

创新群体项目 41321064

详细信息

作者简介:
杜群, 1984年出生, 女, 博士, 助研, 主要研究方向为地气相互作用。E-mail:duqun@mail.iap.ac.cn

中图分类号: P404
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- 文章访问数: 1311
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-04-26
- 网络出版日期: 2016-10-16
- 刊出日期: 2017-03-20

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics during Strong Winter Wind Processes in Beijing

1.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
Meteorological office of Tengchong Airport of Yunnan Province, Tengchong Yunnan 679100

Funds:

National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China 41505007

Innovative Research Group 41321064

摘要

摘要: 利用北京中国科学院大气物理研究所325 m气象观测塔的气象梯度资料和湍流资料，分析了2014年11月29日至12月5日北京两次大风过程中气象要素和湍流输送特征的变化。第一次大风过程的强度和持续时间均高于第二次大风过程。强烈的风速垂直切变主要集中在距地面100 m高度范围内，最强风速垂直切变达到0.31 s^-1。大风过程中，阵风系数呈现随高度减小的趋势，越接近地面，阵风系数愈大。阵风强度的变化与阵风系数相似，100 m以下高度时，阵风强度随高度增大而减小。大风过程自上而下改变边界层结构，平均动能、湍流动能和摩擦速度最先从上层（280 m）发生变化且迅速增加。近地层由于风速垂直梯度的显著差异，近地层垂直方向的湍流强度最大。大风时各功率谱在低频区（ < 0.01 s^-1）达到峰值，大风过后各高度的能量都有所下降。
- 大风过程 /
- 大气边界层结构 /
- 湍流特征
Abstract: Based on meteorological gradient data and turbulent data from the 325-m observation tower of Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, the meteorological condition and turbulent transfer characteristic were analyzed during two strong wind events occurred from 29 November to 5 December 2014. The magnitude and duration of the first strong wind event was larger than that of the second one. Strong vertical wind shear was found at the height below 100 meters above the ground surface, with the maximum value of 0.31 s^-1. The gust coefficient decreased with height, and a higher value of gust coefficient was found near the surface layer. The variation of gust intensity was similar to that of gust coefficient, and it also decreased with height below 100 meters. The turbulent structure was changed by the strong wind from the top to bottom. The average kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy and friction velocity all started to change from the top layer (280 m) and then increased rapidly. As a result of the remarkable difference in vertical wind gradient near the surface layer, the maximum turbulent intensity in the vertical direction occurred near the surface layer. The power spectra of all layers were higher in low frequency areas ( < 0.01 s^-1) during the strong wind event, and the power of all layers decreased after the strong wind event.
- Strong wind event /
- Atmospheric boundary layer /
- Turbulent characteristic

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图 1 2014年11月29日至12月5日北京325 m气象塔10 min的平均资料（a）风速、（b）温度和（c）相对湿度的时空分布

Figure 1. Spatial−temporal distributions of (a) wind speed, (b) air temperature, and (c) relative humidity from the 325-m observation tower in Beijing from 29 November to 5 December 2014

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图 2 2014年11月29日至12月5日北京325 m气象塔大风前后不同高度上（a）风速、（b）温度和（c）相对湿度的变化

Figure 2. Variations of (a) wind speed, (b) temperature, and (c) relative humidity at different heights before and after the strong wind process from the 325-m observation tower in Beijing from 29 November to 5 December 2014

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图 3 2014年11月29日至12月5日北京325 m气象塔风速垂直切变的时空变化

Figure 3. The spatial−temporal variation of vertical wind shear from the 325-m observation tower in Beijing from 29 November to 5 December 2014

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图 4 2014年11月29日至12月5日北京两次大风过程中（a）最大瞬时风速、（b）平均风速以及最大风速出现时的（c）阵风系数和（d）阵风强度随高度的变化

Figure 4. Variations of (a) the maximum wind speed, (b) average wind speed, and (c) the gust coefficient and (d) gust intensity at the occurrence time of maximum wind speed during the two strong wind processes in Beijing from 29 November to 5 December 2014

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图 5 2014年11月29日至12月5日北京两次大风过程中不同高度的（a）摩擦速度和（b）温度尺度随时间的变化

Figure 5. Variations of (a) friction velocity and (b) temperation scale at different heights during the two strong wind processes in Beijing from 29 November to 5 December 2014

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图 6 2014年11月29日至12月5日北京两次大风过程中不同高度的平均动能（单位：m² s^-2）和湍流动能（单位：m² s^-2）随时间的变化

Figure 6. Variations of average kinetic energy (m² s^-2) and turbulent kinetic energy (m² s^-2) at different heights during the two strong wind processes in Beijing from 29 November to 5 December 2014

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图 7 2014年11月29日至12月5日北京两次大风过程中不同高度垂直方向上的（a）湍流强度σ_w/U和（b）无量纲风速标准差σ_w/u_*的变化

Figure 7. Variations of (a) vertical turbulent intensity σ_w/U (b) and normalized velocity deviation σ_w/u_* at different heights during the two strong wind processes in Beijing from 29 November to 5 December 2014

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图 8 2014年11月29日至12月5日北京两次大风过程中大风时（2014年11月30日11:00至14:00）和大风后（2014年12月2日11:00至14:00）水平风速功率谱的分布：（a）47 m；（b）140 m；（c）280 m

Figure 8. Variation of power spectra of horizontal wind speed during the strong wind process (1100 LST to 1400 LST, 30 November 2014) and after the strong wind process (1100 LST to 1400 LST, 2 December 2014) in Beijing from 29 November to 5 December 2014:(a) 47 m; (b) 140 m; (c) 280 m

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