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田开文, 朱江, 王自发, 等. 2022. 2020年上半年“COVID-19”疫情期间气象条件变化对四川盆地城市污染物质量浓度影响初步分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 27(2): 243−262. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.20112
引用本文: 田开文, 朱江, 王自发, 等. 2022. 2020年上半年“COVID-19”疫情期间气象条件变化对四川盆地城市污染物质量浓度影响初步分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 27(2): 243−262. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.20112
TIAN Kaiwen, ZHU Jiang, WANG Zifa, et al. 2022. Influence of Meteorological Conditions on the Mass Concentration of Pollutants in Sichuan Basin Cities during the “COVID-19” Pandemic in the First Half of 2020 [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 27 (2): 243−262. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.20112
Citation: TIAN Kaiwen, ZHU Jiang, WANG Zifa, et al. 2022. Influence of Meteorological Conditions on the Mass Concentration of Pollutants in Sichuan Basin Cities during the “COVID-19” Pandemic in the First Half of 2020 [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 27 (2): 243−262. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.20112

2020年上半年“COVID-19”疫情期间气象条件变化对四川盆地城市污染物质量浓度影响初步分析

Influence of Meteorological Conditions on the Mass Concentration of Pollutants in Sichuan Basin Cities during the “COVID-19” Pandemic in the First Half of 2020

  • 摘要: 大气污染物质量浓度变化主要受气象条件和人为排放变化所控制。2020年上半年在“新冠”疫情影响背景条件下,四川盆地的六项主要污染物质量浓度较往年有不同程度的变化,为了区分这些变化受气象条件和人为排放变化各自的影响程度,开展了气象条件变化对四川盆地污染物质量浓度影响的初步分析。分析结果表明:2020年1~6月整体空气质量优于2019年同期。主要影响污染物浓度的气象参数中,成都平原、川东北地区平均风速与往年相当,川南地区平均风速低于往年。从2020年3月开始,盆地各个城市的总降水量明显偏少,其中5月降水偏少情况最为严重,对应的相对湿度在5月同比较低。平均温度2020年高于2019年,尤其是5、6月平均温度较往年偏高大约4~5°C。月日照总时长从3、4月开始明显长于往年。用固定污染源,改变初始气象条件的方法进行数值模拟结果表明,PM2.5和PM10相似,1、2月模拟结果低于2019年,3、4月高于往年,5、6月同比偏低,主要偏差区域在川南城市群。SO2 在1、2月气象条件有利于扩散,3月川东北不利扩散,其余月份差距不明显。NO2在2月气象条件较为不利,CO不利的月份为4月。4月气象条件有利于臭氧扩散,而5、6月盆地气象条件对O3污染过程起了较强的推动作用。定量分析各个城市污染物浓度贡献率表明,受疫情影响,除臭氧外的颗粒物和气体污染物在1~4月人为排放贡献为负,5、6月由于全面复工复产,导致盆地的污染物浓度也有所上升,人为排放贡献率也大幅增加。O3由于人为排放增加与不利气象条件叠加,导致盆地O3污染情况较为严重。

     

    Abstract: The mass concentration changes of air pollutants are mainly controlled through changes in meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions. In the first half of 2020, under the context of the impact of the “COVID-19” pandemic, the mass concentrations of the six major pollutants in the Sichuan Basin have changed compared with those in previous years. To distinguish these changes from the impact of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emission changes, the influence of meteorological condition changes on the mass concentration of pollutants in the Sichuan Basin is analyzed. The results show that the overall air quality from January to June 2020 was better than that from January to June 2019. Among the meteorological parameters that mainly affect the concentration of pollutants, the average wind speed in the Chengdu Plain and northeastern Sichuan was the same as in previous years, whereas the average wind speed in southern Sichuan was lower than that in previous years. Starting from March 2020, the total precipitation in various cities in the basin has been significantly lower. The lowest precipitation in May was the most serious. Correspondingly, the relative humidity was lowest in May. The average temperature in 2020 was higher than that in 2019; in particular, the average temperature in May and June was approximately 5°C higher. Starting from March or April, the total monthly hours of sunshine, which reflect the amount of solar radiation, were significantly longer than those in previous years. The numerical simulation results obtained using fixed pollution sources and only changing the initial meteorological conditions show that PM2.5 and PM10 were similar. Moreover, the concentrations in January and February were lower than those in 2019, the concentrations in March and April were higher than those in previous years, and the concentrations in May and June were lower than those in previous years. The main deviation area was in southern Sichuan. SO2 is likely to spread in January and February but tends not to spread in March in northeastern Sichuan. The meteorological condition of NO2 was relatively unfavorable in February, and the meteorological condition of CO was relatively unfavorable in April. Furthermore, the meteorological conditions in the basin in April involved ozone diffusion, and the meteorological conditions in the basin in May and June played a strong role in promoting the O3 pollution process. Quantitative analysis of the contribution rate of pollutant concentration in each city determined that, because of the impact of the “COVID-19” pandemic, the contribution of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants other than ozone was negative in January to April, and the resumption of work and production in May and June increased the concentration of pollutants in the basin. Because of the considerably increased anthropogenic emissions and unfavorable weather conditions, serious O3 pollution is observed in the basin.

     

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