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新冠疫情影响下全球对流层臭氧变化特征研究进展

侯雪伟 朱彬

侯雪伟, 朱彬. 2023. 新冠疫情影响下全球对流层臭氧变化特征研究进展[J]. 气候与环境研究, 28(1): 103−116 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.22023
引用本文: 侯雪伟, 朱彬. 2023. 新冠疫情影响下全球对流层臭氧变化特征研究进展[J]. 气候与环境研究, 28(1): 103−116 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.22023
HOU Xuewei, ZHU Bin. 2023. Progress of Research on Global Tropospheric Ozone Variation Characteristics during COVID-19 Pandemic [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 28 (1): 103−116 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.22023
Citation: HOU Xuewei, ZHU Bin. 2023. Progress of Research on Global Tropospheric Ozone Variation Characteristics during COVID-19 Pandemic [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 28 (1): 103−116 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.22023

新冠疫情影响下全球对流层臭氧变化特征研究进展

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.22023
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目42021004,国家重点研发计划项目2022YFC3701204
详细信息
    作者简介:

    侯雪伟,女,1986年出生,博士,主要从事对流层臭氧变化的物理化学机制研究。E-mail: houxw@nuist.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    朱彬,E-mail: binzhu@nuist.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P402

Progress of Research on Global Tropospheric Ozone Variation Characteristics during COVID-19 Pandemic

Funds: Innovative Research Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 42021004), Nantional Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant 2022YFC3701204)
  • 摘要: 自2020年新冠疫情(COVID-19)爆发以来,各地进行了不同程度的人员流动限制或封控,致使全球范围内氮氧化物(NOx)、二氧化硫(SO2)、一氧化氮(CO)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)等大气污染物浓度均大幅度降低,而作为二次污染物的臭氧(O3)在各地区却表现出复杂的变化特征,成为研究热点。本研究总结了近两年该方向的研究成果,阐明了COVID-19期间对流层O3及其前体物的变化特征、变化机制及其可能存在的潜在环境效应。COVID-19严控期,全球人为NOx排放下量降了至少15%,特别是高人为活动影响区,下降了18%~25%,部分高污染地区(挥发性有机物敏感区)近地层NOx的减少量达50%以上。NOx的减少导致NO对O3的滴定作用减弱,使得该类高污染地区O3增加(10%~50%)。而偏远地区及自由对流层O3主要受NOx控制,NOx的减少以及区域传输作用使得偏远地区及自由对流层O3呈现减少状态。其中,2020年4月和5月,由于NOx排放量的减少导致自由对流层O3体积混合比减少量高达10×10−9;2020年5月和6月,全球对流层O3总量下降了约6 Tg(O3)(~2%),亚洲和美洲NOx排放量的减少对全球对流层O3减少具有重要贡献。疫情严控期,NOx浓度大幅度下降的情况下,我国大部分城市近地面O3仍处于增加状态,这表明控制我国城市地区近地面O3浓度的有效手段是根据O3化学生成敏感区来控制前体物,但O3前体物的剧烈变化也可改变O3化学生成敏感区,导致O3生成效率(OPE)的变化,但由于相对欠缺VOCs排放量及其大气浓度的观测,各地区O3的变化趋势和主控因素还存在很大的不确定性。此外,未来COVID-19疫情和全球变暖叠加背景下,不同地区O3的变化特征和对应的O3调控策略亦值得进一步深入探究。
  • 图  1  6个时期全球政府应对COVID-19战略指数的严格程度(Tavella and Júnior, 2021

    Figure  1.  Stringency index of the government response strategy around the globe on six different dates (Tavella and Júnior, 2021)

    图  2  相对于2017~2019年同期,2020年1~5月疫情期间近地面观测的(a)NO2和(b)O3浓度的变化(Venter et al., 2020

    Figure  2.  Variations of ground-level (a) NO2 and (b) O3 concentrations during the pandemic in the period of Jan to May 2020 compared with the same period from 2017 to 2019 (Venter et al., 2020)

    图  3  不同地区NOx浓度对臭氧形成过程的影响(Tavella and Júnior, 2021

    Figure  3.  O3 formation in relation to NOx concentration in different regions (Tavella and Júnior, 2021)

    表  1  亚洲各地区新冠期间对流层O3及NO2变化率

    Table  1.   Change rates of tropospheric O3 and NO2 in Asia during COVID-19 pandemic

    地区时段对比时段高度层数据NO2变化率O3变化率
    中国12020年2019年对流层TROPOMI−40%
    中国东部22020年1月23日疫前20天对流层TROPOMI−63%+10%
    中国东部32020年冬季2019年冬季近地面观测模拟−22.3~−50.5%+12~+50%
    中国北部42020年1月24日至2月29日
    2015~2019年/2019年同期近地面观测−53±10%+35%~95%
    长三角52020年1月24日至2月29日疫前50天近地面观测模拟−47%+54%
    韩国62020年3月疫情前近地面观测−20.41%有下降趋势
    泰国合艾市72020年3月疫情前近地面观测−33.7%−12.5%
    印度四市82020年4~5月2019年同期近地面观测−34%~−58%有上升趋势
    注:1—Bauwens et al.(2020);2—Zhao et al.(2021);3—Zhang et al.(2021)、Wang et al.(2020, 2021);4—Shi and Brasseur(2020)、Yin et al.(2021)、Zhu et al.(2021a);5—Wang et al.(2022);6—Ju et al.(2021);7—Stratoulias and Nuthammachot(2020);8—Lokhandwala and Gautam(2020)、Bera et al.(2022)、Marwah and Agrawala(2022)。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  欧美各地区新冠期间对流层O3及NO2变化率

    Table  2.   Change rates of tropospheric O3 and NO2 in Europe and America during COVID-19 pandemic

    地区时段对比时段高度层数据NO2变化率O3变化率
    欧洲各城市12020年封控时期多年平均近地面观测−42%+2.4~30%
    德国22020年3月21日至6月30日2019年同期柱浓度TROPOMI−16%+4%/−3%
    中欧/西欧32020年春季2019年同期近地面观测−30%~−50%+3%~20%
    美国纽约42020年1~5月2015~2019年近地面观测−51%
    注:1—Sicard et al.(2020)、Grange et al.(2021)、Lee et al.(2020);2—Balamurugan et al.(2021);3—Menut et al. (2020)、Cuesta et al.(2022);4—Zangari et al.(2020)。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-02-21
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