Historical Changes of High Temperature, Heat Waves, and Drought in Ecological Fragile Zones in China

Dezhen YIN; Fang LI; Zhongda LIN

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.21044

Volume 27 Issue 5

Sep. 2022

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Climatic and Environmental Research > 2022 > 27(5): 604-618

YIN Dezhen, LI Fang, LIN Zhongda. 2022. Historical Changes of High Temperature, Heat Waves, and Drought in Ecological Fragile Zones in China [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 27 (5): 604−618 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.21044

Citation:

PDF( 7419 KB)

Historical Changes of High Temperature, Heat Waves, and Drought in Ecological Fragile Zones in China

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.21044

Dezhen YIN^{1, 2
,},
Fang LI^{1
,
,},
Zhongda LIN³

1.
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3.
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants 2017YFA0604804 and 2017YFA0604302), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41875137), National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (EarthLab)

Received Date: 2021-02-28
Available Online: 2021-08-13
Publish Date: 2022-09-25

Abstract

Abstract

High temperatures (HT), heat waves (HW), and droughts are the most important extreme weather and climate events affecting terrestrial ecosystems. Previous research focused on their changes in the whole of China, regions based on geographical divisions, or a single region in China. The historical changes of the extreme events in ecologically fragile zones (EFZs) in China still remain under debate. This study analyzes the spatial−temporal changes in HT, HW, and drought in the EFZs in China between 1980 and 2014 using observational daily maximum surface air temperature and monthly standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index datasets. It has been revealed that the frequency of both HT and HW increased between 1980 and 2014 over nearly all EFZs in China, and the long-term trends of HT and HW exhibited similar spatial patterns, with a significant increase in the central and western EFZs of northern China and the eastern EFZs of southern China. The area fraction with a significant increase was the highest in the southwest karst rocky desertification EFZs and the lowest in the southern agriculture and pasture EFZs. All EFZs showed increasing HT and HW frequency except for the southern agriculture and pasture EFZs, and the trends were significant except for the northern agriculture, pasture, forest, and grassland EFZs. In addition, after the mid-1990s, the frequency and interannual variability of HT and HW in the northern EFZs increased rapidly. Moreover, the EFZs in eastern China had a trend of dryness and increased drought events, while the rest of the EFZs had a trend of wetness and decreased extreme drought events, where only the trend of drought events in the southwest karst rocky desertification EFZ is significant.
- Chinese ecologically fragile zones,
- High temperature and heat wave,
- Drought,
- Trend

FullText(HTML)

References(51)

References

[1]	Barros C, Guéguen M, Douzet R, et al. 2017. Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land-use changes in Alpine tree lines [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54(1): 39−50. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12742
[2]	Bonan D. 2016. Ecological Climatology [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 691pp.
[3]	Chen H P, Sun J Q. 2017. Anthropogenic warming has caused hot droughts more frequently in China [J]. J. Hydrol., 544: 306−318. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.11.044
[4]	程炳岩, 丁裕国, 郑春雨, 等. 2013. 极端气候对平均气候变化的非线性响应及其敏感性试验 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 18(1): 135−144. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.11134 Cheng Bingyan, Ding Yuguo, Zheng Chunyu, et al. 2013. Nonlinear response and sensitivity test for extreme climate relative to average climate [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 18(1): 135−144. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.11134
[5]	杜华明, 延军平, 王鹏涛. 2015. 北方农牧交错带干旱灾害及其对暖干气候的响应 [J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 29(1): 124−128. doi: 10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2015.022 Du Huaming, Yan Junping, Wang Pengtao. 2015. The drought disaster and its response to the warming−drying climate in the farming-pastoral ecotones in northern China [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (in Chinese), 29(1): 124−128. doi: 10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2015.022
[6]	段海霞, 王素萍, 冯建英. 2015. 2014年全国干旱状况及其影响与成因 [J]. 干旱气象, 33(2): 349−360. doi: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2015)-02-0349 Duan Haixia, Wang Suping, Feng Jianying. 2015. Drought events and its influence in 2014 in China [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology (in Chinese), 33(2): 349−360. doi: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2015)-02-0349
[7]	Frank D, Reichstein M, Bahn M, et al. 2015. Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: Concepts, processes, and potential future impacts [J]. Global Change Biology, 21(8): 2861−2880. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12916
[8]	韩兰英, 张强, 贾建英, 等. 2019. 气候变暖背景下中国干旱强度、频次和持续时间及其南北差异性 [J]. 中国沙漠, 39(5): 1−10. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00112 Han Lanying, Zhang Qiang, Jia Jianying, et al. 2019. Drought severity, frequency, duration, and regional differences in China [J]. Journal of Desert Research (in Chinese), 39(5): 1−10. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00112
[9]	韩兰英, 张强, 姚玉璧, 等. 2014. 近60年中国西南地区干旱灾害规律与成因 [J]. 地理学报, 69(5): 632−639. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201405006 Han Lanying, Zhang Qiang, Yao Yubi, et al. 2014. Characteristics and origins of drought disasters in Southwest China in nearly 60 years [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica (in Chinese), 69(5): 632−639. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201405006
[10]	黄荣辉, 顾雷, 陈际龙, 等. 2008. 东亚季风系统的时空变化及其对我国气候异常影响的最近研究进展 [J]. 大气科学, 32(4): 691−719. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.04.02 Huang Ronghui, Gu Lei, Chen Jilong, et al. 2008. Recent progresses in studies of the temporal–spatial variations of the East Asian monsoon system and their impacts on climate anomalies in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 32(4): 691−719. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.04.02
[11]	黄小燕, 李耀辉, 冯建英, 等. 2015. 中国西北地区降水量及极端干旱气候变化特征 [J]. 生态学报, 35(5): 1359−1370. doi: 10.5846/stxb201305101013 Huang Xiaoyan, Li Yaohui, Feng Jianying, et al. 2015. Climate characteristics of precipitation and extreme drought events in Northwest China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica (in Chinese), 35(5): 1359−1370. doi: 10.5846/stxb201305101013
[12]	黄小梅, 仕仁睿, 刘思佳, 等. 2020. 西南地区夏季高温热浪时空分布特征及其成因 [J]. 高原山地气象研究, 40(3): 59−65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184·2020.03.009 Huang Xiaomei, Shi Renrui, Liu Sijia, et al. 2020. Spatial–temporal characteristics and causes of summer heat waves in Southwest China [J]. Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research (in Chinese), 40(3): 59−65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184·2020.03.009
[13]	IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report [M]. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
[14]	贾佳, 胡泽勇. 2017. 中国不同等级高温热浪的时空分布特征及趋势 [J]. 地球科学进展, 32(5): 546−559. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.05.0546 Jia Jia, Hu Zeyong. 2017. Spatial and temporal features and trend of different level heat waves over China [J]. Advances in Earth Science (in Chinese), 32(5): 546−559. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.05.0546
[15]	Lewis S L, Brando P M, Phillips O L, et al. 2011. The 2010 amazon drought [J]. Science, 331(6017): 554. doi: 10.1126/science.1200807
[16]	Li F, Zeng X D, Levis S. 2012. A process-based fire parameterization of intermediate complexity in a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model [J]. Biogeosciences, 9(7): 2761−2780. doi: 10.5194/bg-9-2761-2012
[17]	李娟, 董文杰, 严中伟. 2012. 中国东部1960～2008年夏季极端温度与极端降水的变化及其环流背景 [J]. 科学通报, 57(8): 641–646. Li Juan, Dong Wenjie, Yan Zhongwei. 2012. Changes of climate extremes of temperature and precipitation in summer in eastern China associated with changes in atmospheric circulation in East Asia during 1960−2008 [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57(15): 1856–1861. doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-4989-2
[18]	李林, 李红梅, 申红艳, 等. 2018. 青藏高原气候变化的若干事实及其年际振荡的成因探讨 [J]. 冰川冻土, 40(6): 1079−1089. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0117 Li Lin, Li Hongmei, Shen Hongyan, et al. 2018. The truth and inter-annual oscillation causes for climate change in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology (in Chinese), 40(6): 1079−1089. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0117
[19]	梁晶晶, 张勃, 马彬, 等. 2019. 基于日值SPEI的青藏高原干旱演变特征 [J]. 冰川冻土, 40(6): 1100−1109. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0412 Liang Jingjing, Zhang Bo, Ma Bin, et al. 2019. Drought evolution characteristics on the Tibetan Plateau based on daily standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology (in Chinese), 40(6): 1100−1109. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0412
[20]	廖要明, 张存杰. 2017. 基于MCI的中国干旱时空分布及灾情变化特征 [J]. 气象, 43(11): 1402−1409. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2017.11.009 Liao Yaoming, Zhang Cunjie. 2017. Spatio–temporal distribution characteristics and disaster change of drought in China based on meteorological drought composite index [J]. Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese), 43(11): 1402−1409. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2017.11.009
[21]	刘珂, 姜大膀. 2015. 基于两种潜在蒸散发算法的SPEI对中国干湿变化的分析 [J]. 大气科学, 39(1): 23−36. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1402.13265 Liu Ke, Jiang Dabang. 2015. Analysis of dryness/wetness over China using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index based on two evapotranspiration algorithms [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 39(1): 23−36. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1402.13265
[22]	马柱国, 符淙斌. 2006. 1951～2004年中国北方干旱化的基本事实 [J]. 科学通报, 51(20): 2429–2439.　Ma Zhuguo, Fu Congbin. 2006. Some evidence of drying trend over northern China from 1951 to 2004 [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(23): 2913–2925. doi: 10.1007/s11434-006-2159-0
[23]	马柱国, 符淙斌, 杨庆, 等. 2018. 关于我国北方干旱化及其转折性变化 [J]. 大气科学, 42(4): 951−961. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1802.18110 Ma Zhuguo, Fu Congbin, Yang Qing, et al. 2018. Drying trend in northern China and its shift during 1951–2016 [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 42(4): 951−961. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1802.18110
[24]	Omer A, Ma Z G, Zheng Z Y, et al. 2020. Natural and anthropogenic influences on the recent droughts in Yellow River basin, China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 704: 135428. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135428
[25]	朴世龙, 张新平, 陈安平, 等. 2019. 极端气候事件对陆地生态系统碳循环的影响 [J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 49(9):1321–1334. Piao Shilong, Zhang Xinping, Chen Anping, et al. 2019. The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:A review[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 62(9): 1551−1563. doi: 10.1007/s11430-018-9363-5
[26]	Rai I D, Adhikari B S, Rawat G S. 2012. Mass foliar damage at subalpine-timberline ecotone in western Himalaya due to extreme climatic events [J]. American Journal of Climate Change, 1(2): 104−107. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2012.12008
[27]	Siebert S, Ewert F. 2014. Future crop production threatened by extreme heat [J]. Environmental Research Letters, 9(4): 041001. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/4/041001
[28]	苏明峰, 王会军. 2006. 中国气候干湿变率与ENSO的关系及其稳定性 [J]. 中国科学D辑:地球科学, 36(10):951–958. Su Mingfeng, Wang Huijun. 2007. Relationship and its instability of ENSO-Chinese variations in droughts and wet spells[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 50(1): 145−152. doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-2006-4
[29]	孙康慧. 2019. 中国生态脆弱区叶面积指数与气候变化研究 [D]. 成都信息工程大学硕士学位论文. Sun Kanghui. 2019. Study on leaf area index and climate change in Chinese ecologically fragile zones [D]. M. S. thesis (in Chinese), Chengdu University of Information Technology.
[30]	孙康慧, 曾晓东, 李芳. 2019. 1980~2014年中国生态脆弱区气候变化特征分析 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 24(4): 455−468. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18058 Sun Kanghui, Zeng Xiaodong, Li Fang. 2019. Climate change characteristics in ecological fragile zones in China during 1980–2014 [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 24(4): 455−468. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18058
[31]	孙艺杰, 刘宪锋, 任志远, 等. 2019. 1960~2016年黄土高原多尺度干旱特征及影响因素 [J]. 地理研究, 38(7): 1820−1832. doi: 10.11821/dlyj020190088 Sun Yijie, Liu Xianfeng, Ren Zhiyuan, et al. 2019. Spatio−temporal variations of multi-scale drought and its influencing factors across the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2016 [J]. Geographical Research (in Chinese), 38(7): 1820−1832. doi: 10.11821/dlyj020190088
[32]	孙艺杰, 刘宪锋, 任志远, 等. 2020. 1960~2016年黄土高原干旱和热浪时空变化特征 [J]. 地理科学进展, 39(4): 591−601. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.04.006 Sun Yijie, Liu Xianfeng, Ren Zhiyuan, et al. 2020. Spatiotemporal changes of droughts and heatwaves on the Loess Plateau during 1960–2016 [J]. Progress in Geography (in Chinese), 39(4): 591−601. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.04.006
[33]	Vicente-Serrano S M, Beguería S, López-Moreno J I. 2010. A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming: The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index [J]. J. Climate, 23(7): 1696−1718. doi: 10.1175/2009jcli2909.1
[34]	Vicente-Serrano S M, National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff. 2015. The Climate Data Guide: Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) [EB/OL]. https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/standardized-precipitation-evapotranspiration-index-spei.
[35]	王东, 张勃, 安美玲, 等. 2014. 基于SPEI的西南地区近53 a干旱时空特征分析 [J]. 自然资源学报, 29(6): 1003−1016. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.06.009 Wang Dong, Zhang Bo, An Meiling, et al. 2014. Temporal and spatial distributions of drought in Southwest China over the past 53 years based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index [J]. Journal of Natural Resources (in Chinese), 29(6): 1003−1016. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.06.009
[36]	Wang L, Wang W J, Wu Z F, et al. 2018. Spatial and temporal variations of summer hot days and heat waves and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulations across Northeast China [J]. International Journal of Climatology, 38(15): 5633−5645. doi: 10.1002/joc.5768
[37]	Wang P Y, Tang J P, Sun X G, et al. 2017. Heat waves in China: Definitions, leading patterns, and connections to large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs [J]. J. Geophys. Res. :Atmos., 122(20): 10679−10699. doi: 10.1002/2017JD027180
[38]	Wang X Y, Li Y Q, Chen Y P, et al. 2018. Temporal and spatial variation of extreme temperatures in an agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China from 1960 to 2016 [J]. Scientific Reports, 8(1): 8787. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27066-0
[39]	Will R E, Wilson S M, Zou C B, et al. 2013. Increased vapor pressure deficit due to higher temperature leads to greater transpiration and faster mortality during drought for tree seedlings common to the forest–grassland ecotone [J]. New Phytologist, 200(2): 366−374. doi: 10.1111/nph.12321
[40]	吴佳, 高学杰. 2013. 一套格点化的中国区域逐日观测资料及与其它资料的对比 [J]. 地球物理学报, 56(4): 1102−1111. doi: 10.6038/cjg20130406 Wu Jia, Gao Xuejie. 2013. A gridded daily observation dataset over China region and comparison with the other datasets [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 56(4): 1102−1111. doi: 10.6038/cjg20130406
[41]	邢佩, 杨若子, 杜吴鹏, 等. 2020. 1961~2017年华北地区高温日数及高温热浪时空变化特征 [J]. 地理科学, 40(8): 1365−1376. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.08.016 Xing Pei, Yang Ruozi, Du Wupeng, et al. 2020. Spatio–temporal variation of high temperature day and heat wave in North China during 1961–2017 [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica (in Chinese), 40(8): 1365−1376. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.08.016
[42]	徐金芳, 邓振镛, 陈敏. 2009. 中国高温热浪危害特征的研究综述 [J]. 干旱气象, 27(2): 163−167. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7639.2009.02.012 Xu Jinfang, Deng Zhenyong, Chen Min. 2009. A summary of studying on characteristics of high temperature and heat wave damage in China [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology (in Chinese), 27(2): 163−167. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7639.2009.02.012
[43]	Xu P Q, Wang L, Liu Y Y, et al. 2020. The record-breaking heat wave of June 2019 in central Europe [J]. Atmospheric Science Letters, 21(4): e964. doi: 10.1002/asl.964
[44]	叶殿秀, 尹继福, 陈正洪, 等. 2013. 1961~2010年我国夏季高温热浪的时空变化特征 [J]. 气候变化研究进展, 9(1): 15−20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2013.01.003 Ye Dianxiu, Yin Jifu, Chen Zhenghong, et al. 2013. Spatio–temporal change characteristics of summer heatwaves in China in 1961–2010 [J]. Progressus Inquisitiones de Mutatione Climatis (in Chinese), 9(1): 15−20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2013.01.003
[45]	You Q L, Jiang Z H, Kong L, et al. 2017. A comparison of heat wave climatologies and trends in China based on multiple definitions [J]. Climate Dyn., 48(11): 3975−3989. doi: 10.1007/s00382-016-3315-0
[46]	于贵瑞, 徐兴良, 王秋凤, 等. 2017. 全球变化对生态脆弱区资源环境承载力的影响研究 [J]. 中国基础科学, 19(6):19–23, : 35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2412.2017.06.004 Yu Guirui, Xu Xingliang, Wang Qiufeng, et al. 2017. Study on the effects of global change on resources and environment carrying capacity in ecological fragile zones in China [J]. China Basic Science, 19(6):19–23 (in Chinese), : 35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2412.2017.06.004
[47]	张成福, 王雨晴, 闫冬, 等. 2020. 内蒙古荒漠草原区气候变化及干旱趋势分析 [J]. 灌溉排水学报, 39(S2): 20−25. doi: 10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020346 Zhang Chengfu, Wang Yuqing, Yan Dong, et al. 2020. Analysis of climate change and drought trend in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia [J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (in Chinese), 39(S2): 20−25. doi: 10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020346
[48]	张嘉仪, 钱诚. 2020. 1960~2018年中国高温热浪的线性趋势分析方法与变化趋势 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 25(3): 225−239. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2020.19134 Zhang Jiayi, Qian Cheng. 2020. Linear trends in occurrence of high temperature and heat waves in China for the 1960–2018 period: Method and analysis results [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 25(3): 225−239. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2020.19134
[49]	张强, 张存杰, 白虎志, 等. 2010. 西北地区气候变化新动态及对干旱环境的影响——总体暖干化, 局部出现暖湿迹象 [J]. 干旱气象, 28(1): 1−7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7639.2010.01.001 Zhang Qiang, Zhang Cunjie, Bai Huzhi, et al. 2010. New development of climate change in Northwest China and its impact on arid environment [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology (in Chinese), 28(1): 1−7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7639.2010.01.001
[50]	中华人民共和国环境保护部. 2008. 全国生态脆弱区保护规划纲要 [EB/OL]. http: //www. gov. cn/gzdt/att/att/site1/20081009/00123f37b41e0a57e2e601. pdf. Environmental Protection Department of the People's Republic of China. 2008. Outline of the national ecological vulnerability protection program (in Chinese) [EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/att/att/site1/20081009/00123f37b41e0a57e2e601.pdf.
[51]	庄少伟, 左洪超, 任鹏程, 等. 2013. 标准化降水蒸发指数在中国区域的应用 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 18(5): 617−625. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.12007 Zhuang Shaowei, Zuo Hongchao, Ren Pengcheng, et al. 2013. Application of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index in China [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 18(5): 617−625. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.12007