Changes of Comfort Index over Beijing in Recent 15 Years Based on Automatic Station Data

Jiang JIANG; Jingjing MIN; Hua WANG; Ting LEI; Yuan QIAO; Zhi JIANG

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.21147

Volume 27 Issue 6

Dec. 2022

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Climatic and Environmental Research > 2022 > 27(6): 747-755

JIANG Jiang, MIN Jingjing, WANG Hua, et al. 2022. Changes of Comfort Index over Beijing in Recent 15 Years Based on Automatic Station Data [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 27 (6): 747−755 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.21147

Citation:

PDF( 3629 KB)

Changes of Comfort Index over Beijing in Recent 15 Years Based on Automatic Station Data

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.21147

Beijing Meteorological Service Center, Beijing 100089

Funds: Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund (Grant 8214066), Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Grant Z201100008220002), Science and Technology Project of Beijing Meteorological Bureau (Grant BMBKJ202003010)

Received Date: 2021-08-25
Available Online: 2022-06-17
Publish Date: 2022-12-12

Abstract

Abstract

The effective temperature in Beijing has been studied by the entire available observation data. The results demonstrate the following: 1) The annual temperature, wind speed, and effective temperature in Beijing were significantly affected by the topographic distribution, without a significant difference in the relative humidity between the mountainous and the urban areas. Beijing became drier and warmer over the study period. Regionally, the stations with the largest increase in the annual and effective temperatures were concentrated in the urban areas, and the stations with the smallest increase were located in the northwest and northeast mountainous areas. Relative humidity decreased evenly across the entire area of interest. 2) According to the thermal grades of effective temperature, the temperature of winter belonged to “very cold”, that of the annual average, spring, and autumn belonged to “cold”, and that of summer belonged to “warm”. The area became dryer and warmer in the spring, summer, and winter. However, in autumn, the regional temperature difference was obvious. 3) The “weather-friendly” days in Beijing accounted for 41.3%, with large regional differences. Over half the sites showed a reduction in the number of “weather-friendly” days. The “weather-friendly” days in spring increased in number, while those in summer decreased, without any consistency in autumn. In winter, there were nearly no “weather-friendly” days, just “very cold” and “cold” days.
- Beijing,
- Effective temperature,
- Comfort index

FullText(HTML)

References(34)

References

[1]	Blazejczyk K, Epstein Y, Jendritzky G, et al. 2012. Comparison of UTCI to selected thermal indices [J]. Int. J. Biometeorol., 56(3): 515−535. doi: 10.1007/s00484-011-0453-2
[2]	曹云, 孙应龙, 吴门新. 2019. 近50年京津冀气候舒适度的区域时空特征分析 [J]. 生态学报, 39(20): 7567−7582. Cao Yun, Sun Yinglong, Wu Menxin. 2019. Spatial and temporal characteristics of the periods of climate comfort in the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei region from 1966 to 2015 [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica (in Chinese), 39(20): 7567−7582.
[3]	陈永涛. 2013. 云南省旅游气候舒适度评价 [J]. 生态经济(学术版), (2): 305−310, 324. Chen Yongtao. 2013. Evaluation of tourism climate comfort index in Yunnan Province [J]. Ecological Economy (in Chinese), (2): 305−310, 324.
[4]	党冰, 王式功, 尚可政. 2013. 甘肃平凉市的旅游气候舒适度评价 [J]. 干旱气象, 31(4): 684−689. doi: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2013)-04-0684 Dang Bing, Wang Shigong, Shang Kezheng. 2013. Evaluation of tourism climate comfort level in Pingliang of Gansu Province [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology (in Chinese), 31(4): 684−689. doi: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2013)-04-0684
[5]	De Freitas C R, Grigorieva E A. 2015. A comprehensive catalogue and classification of human thermal climate indices [J]. Int. J. Biometeorol., 59(1): 109−120. doi: 10.1007/s00484-014-0819-3
[6]	Diffenbaugh N S, Pal J S, Giorgi F, et al. 2007. Heat stress intensification in the Mediterranean climate change hotspot [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34(11): L11706. doi: 10.1029/2007GL030000
[7]	董蕙青, 黄海洪, 黄香杏, 等. 1999. 南宁市“人体舒适度”预报系统 [J]. 广西气象, 20(3): 37−39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8411.1999.03.016 Dong Huiqing, Huang Haihong, Huang Xiangxing, et al. 1999. Human body comfortableness prediction system of Nanning city [J]. Journal of Guangxi Meteorology (in Chinese), 20(3): 37−39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8411.1999.03.016
[8]	窦晶晶, 王迎春, 苗世光. 2014. 北京城区近地面比湿和风场时空分布特征 [J]. 应用气象学报, 25(5): 559−569. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20140505 Dou Jingjing, Wang Yingchun, Miao Shiguang. 2014. Fine spatial and temporal characteristics of humidity and wind in Beijing urban area [J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science (in Chinese), 25(5): 559−569. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20140505
[9]	Epstein Y, Moran D S. 2006. Thermal comfort and the heat stress indices [J]. Ind. Health, 44(3): 388−398. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.44.388
[10]	范业正, 郭来喜. 1998. 中国海滨旅游地气候适宜性评价 [J]. 自然资源学报, 13(4): 304−311. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.1998.04.003 Fan Yezheng, Guo Laixi. 1998. The climate suitability of tourism at the coastline destinations of China [J]. Journal of Natural Resources (in Chinese), 13(4): 304−311. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.1998.04.003
[11]	房小怡, 李磊, 杜吴鹏, 等. 2015. 近30年北京气候舒适度城郊变化对比分析[J]. 气象科技, 43(5): 918−924. Fang Xiaoyi, Lilei, Du Wupeng, et al. 2015. Comparative analysis of urban and rural climate comfortabilities in Beijing in past 30 years [J]. Meteorological science and technology (in Chinese), 43(5): 918–924.
[12]	Fischer E M, Oleson K W, Lawrence D M. 2012. Contrasting urban and rural heat stress responses to climate change [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(3): L03705. doi: 10.1029/2011GL050576
[13]	Gagge A P, Stolwijk J A J, Nishi Y. 1971. An effective temperature scale based on a simple model of human physiological regulatory response [J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 77: 247−272.
[14]	高超, 申双和, 蒋烨林, 等. 2019. 影响杭州人体舒适度的城市因素分析 [J]. 气象, 45(6): 854−861. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2019.06.011 Gao Chao, Shen Shuanghe, Jiang Yelin, et al. 2019. Analysis of urban factors impacting human comfort degree in Hangzhou [J]. Meteor. Mon. (in Chinese), 45(6): 854−861. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2019.06.011
[15]	贺晓冬, 苗世光, 窦晶晶, 等. 2014. 北京城市气候图系统的初步建立 [J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学), 50(6): 759−771. doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2014.06.004 He Xiaodong, Miao Shiguang, Dou Jingjing, et al. 2014. Preliminary establishment of Beijing urban climate map (UCMap) system [J]. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences) (in Chinese), 50(6): 759−771. doi: 10.13232/j.cnki.jnju.2014.06.004
[16]	Höppe P. 1999. The physiological equivalent temperature—A universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment [J]. Int. J. Biometeorol., 43(2): 71−75. doi: 10.1007/s004840050118
[17]	Houghton F C, Yaglo C P. 1923. Determining equal comfort lines [J]. Journal of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 29: 165−176.
[18]	Jendritzky G, De Dear R, Havenith G. 2012. UTCI—Why another thermal index? [J]. Int. J. Biometeorol., 56(3): 421−428. doi: 10.1007/s00484-011-0513-7
[19]	Landsberg H E. 1972. The Assessment of Human Bioclimate A Limited Review of Physical Parameters [M]. Geneva: WMO, 36pp.
[20]	乐满, 王式功, 张志薇, 等. 2019. 1961~2014年中国大陆舒适度时空变化 [J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 55(4): 455−462. doi: 10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2019.04.006 Le Man, Wang Shigong, Zhang Zhiwei, et al. 2019. Analysis of spatio-temporal changes in human comfort levels from 1961−2014 in China Mainland [J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences) (in Chinese), 55(4): 455−462. doi: 10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2019.04.006
[21]	Li P W, Chan S T. 2000. Application of a weather stress index for alerting the public to stressful weather in Hong Kong [J]. Meteorological Applications, 7(4): 369−375. doi: 10.1017/S1350482700001602
[22]	柳士伟. 2020. 大别山北坡商城县旅游气候舒适度分析 [J]. 气象与环境科学, 43(2): 115−121. doi: 10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2020.02.016 Liu Shiwei. 2020. Analysis on tourism climate comfort of Shangcheng county on the North slope of Ta-pieh mountains [J]. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences (in Chinese), 43(2): 115−121. doi: 10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2020.02.016
[23]	卢山, 郭勇, 郑江平, 等. 2021. 云贵高原3个旅游城市气候舒适度及其康养效应研究 [J]. 干旱气象, 39(2): 317−325. doi: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2021)-02-0317 Lu Shan, Guo Yong, Zheng Jiangping, et al. 2021. Study on climate comfort degree and its health care effect in three tourist cities of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology (in Chinese), 39(2): 317−325. doi: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2021)-02-0317
[24]	马丽君, 孙根年, 王洁洁. 2009. 中国东部沿海沿边城市旅游气候舒适度评价 [J]. 地理科学进展, 28(5): 713−722. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.05.009 Ma Lijun, Sun Gennian, Wang Jiejie. 2009. Evaluation of tourism climate comfortableness of coastal cities in the eastern China [J]. Progress in Geography (in Chinese), 28(5): 713−722. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.05.009
[25]	Pal J S, Eltahir E A B. 2016. Future temperature in southwest Asia projected to exceed a threshold for human adaptability [J]. Nature Climate Change, 6(2): 197−200. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2833
[26]	Perch-Nielsen S L, Amelung B, Knutti R. 2010. Future climate resources for tourism in Europe based on the daily tourism climatic index [J]. Climatic Change, 103(3–4): 363–381. doi: 10.1007/s10584-009-9772-2
[27]	任健美, 牛俊杰, 胡彩虹, 等. 2004. 五台山旅游气候及其舒适度评价 [J]. 地理研究, 23(6): 856−862. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2004.06.016 Ren Jianmei, Niu Junjie, Hu Caihong, et al. 2004. Tourism climate and evaluation of comfortableness in Wutai Mountain [J]. Geographical Research (in Chinese), 23(6): 856−862. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2004.06.016
[28]	Siple M P A, Passel C F. 1999. Excerpts from: Measurements of dry atmospheric cooling in subfreezing temperatures [J]. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 10(3): 176−182. doi: 10.1580/1080-6032(1999)010[0176:FODACI]2.3.CO;2
[29]	吴佳, 高学杰, 韩振宇, 等. 2017. 基于有效温度指数的云南舒适度变化分析 [J]. 地球科学进展, 32(2): 174−186. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.02.0174 Wu Jia, Gao Xuejie, Han Zhenyu, et al. 2017. Analysis of the change of comfort index over Yunnan Province based on effective temperature [J]. Advances in Earth Science (in Chinese), 32(2): 174−186. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.02.0174
[30]	肖安, 周长艳. 2017. 基于超热因子的中国热浪事件气候特征分析 [J]. 气象, 43(8): 943−952. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2017.08.005 Xiao An, Zhou Changyan. 2017. Characteristic analysis of the heat wave events over China based on excess heat factor [J]. Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese), 43(8): 943−952. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2017.08.005
[31]	闫业超, 岳书平, 刘学华, 等. 2013. 国内外气候舒适度评价研究进展 [J]. 地球科学进展, 28(10): 1119−1125. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.10.1119 Yan Yechao, Yue Shuping, Liu Xuehua, et al. 2013. Advances in assessment of bioclimatic comfort conditions at home and abroad [J]. Advances in Earth Science (in Chinese), 28(10): 1119−1125. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.10.1119
[32]	姚镇海, 姚叶青, 王传辉, 等. 2019. 1987~2016年安徽省暑期体感温度时空变化特征 [J]. 干旱气象, 37(3): 454−459. doi: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2019)-03-0454 Yao Zhenhai, Yao Yeqing, Wang Chuanhui, et al. 2019. Temporal and spatial characteristics of somatosensory temperature in summer holiday in Anhui Province during 1987−2016 [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology (in Chinese), 37(3): 454−459. doi: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2019)-03-0454
[33]	于淑秋, 卞林根, 林学椿. 2005. 北京城市热岛“尺度”变化与城市发展 [J]. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 35(S1): 97−106. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7240.2005.z1.009 Yu Shuqiu, Bian Lingen, Lin Xuechun. 2005. “Scale” change of urban heat island and urban development in Beijing [J]. Science in China (Ser. D: Earth Sciences) (in Chinese), 35(S1): 97−106. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7240.2005.z1.009
[34]	朱学玲, 任健. 2011. 人体舒适度的分析与预报 [J]. 气象与环境科学, 34(S1): 131−134. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7148.2011.z1.029 Zhu Xueling, Ren Jian. 2011. Analysis and forecast of human comfort [J]. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences (in Chinese), 34(S1): 131−134. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7148.2011.z1.029