Renewable Energy Development in China under Dual Carbon Goal: Opportunities and Challenges

Domestic and international research on the effects of renewable energy on carbon emissions and its role in achieving carbon neutrality was reviewed. Furthermore, opportunities and challenges associated with renewable energy development and proposes pathways and strategies for its advancement were explored. To maintain the healthy and sustainable development of renewable energy and achieve carbon neutrality, the authors propose strengthening the top-level design and carefully planning the scale, timing, spatial layout, and policy coordination of development. Coordinating the development of smart grids, diversified energy storage, and industry integration can systematically address the issue of renewable energy underconsumption. Proper utilization of land- and sea-use indicators and planning of the spatial layout of renewable energy facilities are crucial for avoiding conflicts with agricultural land protection and ecological redline controls. Moreover, greater attention to the climatic and ecological impacts of new energy facilities is essential to achieve a “win–win” scenario for renewable energy development and ecological protection, facilitated by scientific and technological progress and sound planning and management.