April, A., B. Montpetit, and D. Langlois, 2019: Linking the open water area of the north open water polynya to climatic parameters using a multiple linear regression prediction model. Atmos. Ocean, 57(2), 91−100, https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2019.1598332.
Campbell, E. C., E. A. Wilson, G. W. K. Moore, S. C. Riser, C. E. Brayton, M. R. Mazloff, and L. D. Talley, 2019: Antarctic offshore polynyas linked to Southern Hemisphere climate anomalies. Nature, 570, 319−325, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1294-0.
Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, and H. J. Zwally, 1997: Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Concentrations from Multichannel Passive-microwave Satellite Data Sets: October 1978 to December 1996, User's Guide. NASA Technical Memorandum 104647. [Available from: https://nsidc.org/sites/nsidc.org/files/technical-references/NASA%20Technical%20Memorandum%20104647.pdf]
Gudmandsen, P., B. B. Thomsen, L. T. Pedersen, H. Skriver, and P. J. Minnett, 1995: North-East Water polynya: Satellite observations summer 1992 and 1993. Int. J. Remote Sens., 16, 3307−3324, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954632.
Guinehut, S., A. L. Dhomps, G. Larnicol, and P. Y. Le Traon, 2012: High resolution 3D temperature and salinity fields derived from in situ and satellite observations. Ocean Sci., 8, 845−857, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-845-2012.
Iwamoto, K., K. I. Ohshima, and T. Tamura, 2014: Improved mapping of sea ice production in the Arctic Ocean using AMSR-E thin ice thickness algorithm. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 3574−3594, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009749.
Kohout, A. L., M. J. M. Williams, S. M. Dean, and M. H. Meylan, 2014: Storm-induced sea ice breakup and the implications for ice extent. Nature, 509(7502), 604−607, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13262.
Kwok, R., 2018: Arctic sea ice thickness, volume, and multiyear ice coverage: Losses and coupled variability (1958−2018). Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 105005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae3ec.
Kwok, R., G. Spreen, and S. Pang, 2013: Arctic sea ice circulation and drift speed: Decadal trends and ocean currents. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 2408−2425, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20191.
Ludwig, V., G. Spreen, C. Haas, L. Istomina, F. Kauker, and D. Murashkin, 2019: The 2018 North Greenland polynya observed by a newly introduced merged optical and passive microwave sea-ice concentration dataset. Cryosphere, 13, 2051−2073, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2051-2019.
Martin, S., R. Drucker, R. Kwok, and B. Holt, 2004: Estimation of the thin ice thickness and heat flux for the Chukchi Sea Alaskan coast polynya from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager data, 1990−2001. J. Geophy. Res. Oceans, 109, C10012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002428.
Minnett, P. J., and E. L. Key, 2007: Meteorology and atmosphere-surface coupling in and around polynyas. Elsevier Oceanography Series, Elsevier, 74, 127−161, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0422-9894(06)74004-1.
Moore, G. W. K., and R. S. Pickart, 2012: The Wrangel Island Polynya in early summer: Trends and relationships to other polynyas and the Beaufort Sea High. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050691.
Moore, G. W. K., A. Schweiger, J. Zhang, and M. Steele, 2018: What Caused the Remarkable February 2018 North Greenland Polynya? Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 13 342−13 350, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080902.
Morales-Maqueda, M. A., A. J. Willmott, and N. R. T. Biggs, 2004: Polynya dynamics: A review of observations and modeling. Rev. Geophys., 42, RG1004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002rg000116.
Mulet, S., M. H. Rio, A. Mignot, S. Guinehut, and R. Morrow, 2012: A new estimate of the global 3D geostrophic ocean circulation based on satellite data and in-situ measurements. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 77−80, 70−81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.012.
Parkinson, C., and Coauthors, 1996: Sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS passive microwave data, Version 1. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, https://doi.org/10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL.
Preußer, A., G. Heinemann, S. Willmes, and S. Paul, 2016: Circumpolar polynya regions and ice production in the Arctic: results from MODIS thermal infrared imagery from 2002/2003 to 2014/2015 with a regional focus on the Laptev Sea. Cryosphere, 10, 3021−3042, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-3021-2016.
Preußer, A., K. I. Ohshima, K. Iwamoto, S. Willmes, and G. Heinemann, 2019: Retrieval of wintertime sea ice production in Arctic polynyas using thermal infrared and passive microwave remote sensing data. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 124, 5503−5528, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC014976.
Smith, S. D., R. D. Muench, and C. H. Pease, 1990: Polynyas and leads: An overview of physical processes and environment. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 95, 9461−9479, https://doi.org/10.1029/jc095ic06p09461.
Squire, V. A., and S. C. Moore, 1980: Direct measurement of the attenuation of ocean waves by pack ice. Nature, 283, 365−368, https://doi.org/10.1038/283365a0.
Sumata, H., T. Lavergne, F. Girard-Ardhuin, N. Kimura, M. A. Tschudi, F. Kauker, M. Karcher, and R. Gerdes, 2014: An intercomparison of Arctic ice drift products to deduce uncertainty estimates. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 4887−4921, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009724.
Tschudi, M., W. N. Meier, J. S. Stewart, C. Fowler, and J. Maslanik, 2019: Polar Pathfinder Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors, Version 4. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, https://doi.org/10.5067/INAWUWO7QH7B.
Willmes, S., S. Adams, D. Schröder, and G. Heinemann, 2011: Spatio-temporal variability of polynya dynamics and ice production in the Laptev Sea between the winters of 1979/80 and 2007/08. Polar Res., 30, 5971, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v30i0.5971.
Winsor, P., and G. Björk, 2000: Polynya activity in the Arctic Ocean from 1958 to 1997. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 105, 8789−8803, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900305.
Zhang, J. L., and D. A. Rothrock, 2003: Modeling global sea ice with a thickness and enthalpy distribution model in generalized curvilinear coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 845−861, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0845:MGSIWA>2.0.CO;2.