| Aggarwal, P. K., O. A. Alduchov, K. O. Froehlich, L. J. Araguas-Araguas, N. C. Sturchio, and N. Kurita, 2012: Stable isotopes in global precipitation: A unified interpretation based on atmospheric moisture residence time. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11705, |
| Aggarwal, P. K., U. Romatschke, L. Araguas-Araguas, D. Belachew, F. J. Longstaffe, P. Berg, C. Schumacher, and A. Funk, 2016: Proportions of convective and stratiform precipitation revealed in water isotope ratios. Nature Geoscience, 9, 624−629, |
| Alvares, C. A., J. L. Stape, P. C. Sentelhas, J. L. de Moraes Gonçalves, and G. Sparovek, 2013: Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteor. Z., 22, 711−728, |
| Barros, V. R., M. E. Doyle, and I. A. Camilloni, 2008: Precipitation trends in southeastern South America: Relationship with ENSO phases and with low-level circulation. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 93, 19−33, |
| Batista, L. V., D. Gastmans, R. Sánchez-Murillo, B. S. Farinha, S. M. R. dos Santos, and C. H. Kiang, 2018: Groundwater and surface water connectivity within the recharge area of Guarani aquifer system during El Niño 2014−2016. Hydrological Processes, 32, 2483−2495, |
| Berrisford, P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-interim archive version 2.0. ERA Report Series No.1, 23 pp. |
| Bowen, G. J., Z. Y. Cai, R. P. Fiorella, and A. L. Putman, 2019: Isotopes in the water cycle: Regional- to global-scale patterns and applications. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 47, 453−479, |
| Clark, I., and P. Fritz, 1997: Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology. CRC Press, 342 pp. |
| Coelho, C. A. S., C. B. Uvo, and T. Ambrizzi, 2002: Exploring the impacts of the tropical Pacific SST on the precipitation patterns over South America during ENSO periods. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 71, 185−197, |
| D’Agostino, R. B., A. Belanger, and R. B. D’Agostino Jr., 1990: A suggestion for using powerful and informative tests of normality. The American Statistician, 44, 316−321, |
| Dansgaard, W., 1964: Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus, 16, 436−468, |
| de Leeuw, J., J. Methven, and M. Blackburn, 2015: Evaluation of ERA-Interim reanalysis precipitation products using England and Wales observations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141, 798−806, |
| dos Santos, V., D. Gastmans, L. V. Santarosa, L. V. Batista, S. B. Betancur, M. E. D. De Oliverira, and A. J. P. Filho, 2019a: Variabilidade da composição isotópica da precipitação na região central do estado de São Paulo. Revista Águas Subterrâneas, 33, 171−181, |
| dos Santos, V., M. D. de Oliveira, J. Boll, R. Sánchez-Murillo, A. A. Menegário, L. F. Gozzo, and D. Gastmans, 2019b: Isotopic composition of precipitation during strong El Niño–southern Oscillation events in the Southeast Region of Brazil. Hydrological Processes, 33, 647−660, |
| dos Santos, V., D. Gastmans, R. Sánchez-Murillo, L. F. Gozzo, L. V. Batista, R. L. Manzione, and J. Martinez, 2019c: Regional atmospheric dynamics govern interannual and seasonal stable isotope composition in southeastern Brazil. J. Hydrol., 579, 124136, |
| Draxler, R., B. Stunder, G. Rolph, A. Stein, and A. Taylor, 2020:HYSPLIT USER’s GUIDE. NOAA Version 5——Last Revision April, 2020. 249 pp. [Available online from https://www.arl.noaa.gov/documents/reports/hysplit_user_guide.pdf] |
| Ferreira, W. P. M., M. A. V. Silva and C. de F. Souza, 2018: Clima, recursos hídricos e produção agrícola: Perspectivas, desafios e possibilidades para a gestão. Informe Agropecuário, 39, 65−79. (in Portuguese) |
| Gadgil, S., 2003: The Indian monsoon and its variability. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 31, 429−467, |
| Gastmans, D., V. Santos, J. A. Galhardi, J. F. Gromboni, L. V. Batista, K. Miotlinski, H. K. Chang, and J. S. Govone, 2017: Controls over spatial and seasonal variations on isotopic composition of the precipitation along the central and eastern portion of Brazil. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 53, 518−538, |
| Gimeno, L., A. Drumond, R. Nieto, R. M. Trigo, and A. Stohl, 2010: On the origin of continental precipitation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13804, |
| Gimeno, L., and Coauthors, 2021. The residence time of water vapour in the atmosphere. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2, 558−569, |
| Graf, P., H. Wernli, S. Pfahl, and H. Sodemann, 2019: A new interpretative framework for below-cloud effects on stable water isotopes in vapour and rain. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 747−765, |
| Han, T. T., M. J. Zhang, S. J. Wang, D. Y. Qu, and Q. Q. Du, 2020: Sub-hourly variability of stable isotopes in precipitation in the marginal zone of East Asian monsoon. Water, 12, 2145, |
| Han, X. K., and Coauthors, 2021: Temporal and spatial variations in stable isotopic compositions of precipitation during the typhoon Lekima (2019), China. Science of the Total Environment, 762, 143143, |
| Huang, B. Y., and Coauthors, 2017: Extended reconstructed sea surface temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, validations, and intercomparisons. J. Climate, 30, 8179−8205, |
| Jasechko, S., 2019: Global isotope hydrogeology-review. Rev. Geophys., 57, 835−965, |
| Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437−472, |
| Kirchheim, R. E., D. Gastmans, H. K. Chang, and T. E. Gilmore, 2019: The use of isotopes in evolving groundwater circulation models of regional continental aquifers: The case of the Guarani Aquifer System. Hydrological Processes, 33, 2266−2278, |
| Kodama, Y., 1992: Large-scale common features of subtropical precipitation zones (the Baiu Frontal Zone, the SPCZ, and the SACZ) Part I: Characteristics of subtropical frontal zones. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 813−836, |
| Konecky, B. L., D. C. Noone, and K. M. Cobb, 2019: The influence of competing hydroclimate processes on stable isotope ratios in tropical rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 1622−1633, |
| Kruskal, W. H., and W. A. Wallis, 1952: Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47, 583−621, |
| Kurita, N., 2013: Water isotopic variability in response to mesoscale convective system over the tropical ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 10 376−10 390, |
| Kurita, N., K. Ichiyanagi, J. Matsumoto, M. D. Yamanaka, and T. Ohata, 2009: The relationship between the isotopic content of precipitation and the precipitation amount in tropical regions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 102, 113−122, |
| Kurita, N., D. Noone, C. Risi, G. A. Schmidt, H. Yamada, and K. Yoneyama, 2011: Intraseasonal isotopic variation associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24101, |
| Lacour, J.-L., C. Risi, J. Worden, C. Clerbaux, and P.-F. Coheur, 2018: Importance of depth and intensity of convection on the isotopic composition of water vapor as seen from IASI and TES δD observations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 481, 387−394, |
| Lekshmy, P. R., M. Midhun, and R. Ramesh, 2018: Influence of stratiform clouds on δD and δ18O of monsoon water vapour and rain at two tropical coastal stations. J. Hydrol., 563, 354−362, |
| Lima, K. C., P. Satyamurty, and J. P. R. Fernández, 2010: Large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with heavy rainfall episodes in Southeast Brazil. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 101, 121−135, |
| Machado, L. A. T., and W. B. Rossow, 1993: Structural characteristics and radiative properties of tropical cloud clusters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3234−3260, |
| Marengo, J. A., W. R. Soares, C. Saulo, and M. Nicolini, 2004: Climatology of the low-level jet east of the Andes as derived from the NCEP-NCAR reanalyses: Characteristics and temporal variability. J. Climate, 17, 2261−2280, |
| Marengo, J. A., and Coauthors, 2012: Recent developments on the South American monsoon system. International Journal of Climatology, 32, 1−21, |
| Michelsen, N., R. van Geldern, Y. Roßmann, I. Bauer, S. Schulz, J. A. C. Barth, and C. Schüth, 2018: Comparison of precipitation collectors used in isotope hydrology. Chemical Geology, 488, 171−179, |
| Michelsen, N., G. Laube, J. Friesen, S. M. Weise, A. B. A. B. Said, and T. Müller, 2019: Technical note: A microcontroller-based automatic rain sampler for stable isotope studies. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 23, 2637−2645, |
| Montini, T. L., C. Jones, and L. M. V. Carvalho, 2019: The South American low-level jet: A new climatology, variability, and changes. J. Geophys. Res., 124, 1200−1218, |
| Muller, C. L., A. Baker, I. J. Fairchild, C. Kidd, and I. Boomer, 2015: Intra-event trends in stable isotopes: Exploring midlatitude precipitation using a vertically pointing micro rain radar. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 16, 194−213, |
| Munksgaard, N. C., and Coauthors, 2019: Data Descriptor: Daily observations of stable isotope ratios of rainfall in the tropics. Scientific Reports, 9, 14419, |
| Pezzi, L. P., and I. F. A. Cavalcanti, 2001: The relative importance of ENSO and tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies for seasonal precipitation over South America: A numerical study. Climate Dyn., 17, 205−212, |
| Power, S. B., F. P. D. Delage, C. T. Y. Chung, H. Ye, and B. F. Murphy, 2017: Humans have already increased the risk of major disruptions to Pacific rainfall. Nature Communications, 8, 14368, |
| Putman, A. L., R. P. Fiorella, G. J. Bowen, and Z. Y. Cai, 2019: A global perspective on local meteoric water lines: Meta-analytic insight into fundamental controls and practical constraints. Water Resour. Res., 55, 6896−6910, |
| R Core Team, 2020: The R Project for for StatisticalComputing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing,Vienna, Austria. [Available online at https://www.R-project.org/.] |
| Ramos, A. M., R. C. Blamey, I. Algarra, R. Nieto, L. Gimeno, R. Tomé, C. J. C. Reason, and R. M. Trigo, 2019: From Amazonia to southern Africa: Atmospheric moisture transport through low-level jets and atmospheric rivers. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1436, 217−230, |
| Reboita, M. S., M. A. Gan, R. P. da Rocha, and T. Ambrizzi, 2010: Regimes de precipitação na América do Sul: Uma revisão bibliográfica. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 25, 185−204, |
| Risi, C., S. Bony, and F. Vimeux, 2008: Influence of convective processes on the isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics: 2. Physical interpretation of the amount effect. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D19306, |
| Risi, C., S. Bony, F. Vimeux, M. Chong, and L. Descroix, 2010: Evolution of the stable water isotopic composition of the rain sampled along sahelian squall lines. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 227−242, |
| Rolph, G., A. Stein, and B. Stunder, 2017: Real-time environmental applications and display system: READY. Environmental Modelling & Software, 95, 210−228, |
| Romatschke, U., and R. A. Houze, 2013: Characteristics of precipitating convective systems accounting for the summer rainfall of tropical and subtropical South America. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 14, 25−46, |
| Rozanski, K., L. Araguás-Araguás, and R. Gonfiantini, 1993: Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation. Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records, Volume 78, P. K. Swart et al., Eds., American Geophysical Union, 1−36, |
| Sánchez-Murillo, R., and Coauthors, 2016: Key drivers controlling stable isotope variations in daily precipitation of Costa Rica: Caribbean Sea versus Eastern Pacific Ocean moisture sources. Quaternary Science Reviews, 131, 250−261, |
| Sánchez-Murillo, R., A. M. Durán-Quesada, C. Birkel, G. Esquivel-Hernández, and J. Boll, 2017: Tropical precipitation anomalies and d-excess evolution during El Niño 2014-16. Hydrological Processes, 31, 956−967, |
| Sánchez-Murillo, R., and Coauthors, 2019: Deciphering key processes controlling rainfall isotopic variability during extreme tropical cyclones. Nature Communications, 10, 4321, |
| Santarosa, L. V., D. Gastmans, R. Sánchez-Murillo, V. dos Santos, L. V. Batista, and S. B. Betancur, 2021: Stable isotopes reveal groundwater to river connectivity in a mesoscale subtropical watershed. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 57, 236−253, |
| Santos, C., R. Carneiro, C. Borges, D. Gastmans, and L. Borma, 2021: Isotopic composition of precipitation in a southeastern region of Brazil during the action of the South Atlantic convergence zone. Atmosphere, 12, 418, |
| Soderberg, K., S. P. Good, M. O’Connor, L. X. Wang, K. Ryan, and K. K. Caylor, 2013: Using atmospheric trajectories to model the isotopic composition of rainfall in central Kenya. Ecosphere, 4, 33, |
| Stein, A. F., R. R. Draxler, G. D. Rolph, B. J. B. Stunder, M. D. Cohen, and F. Ngan, 2015: NOAA’s HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 2059−2077, |
| Tang, Y., X. F. Song, Y. H. Zhang, D. M. Han, L. K. Ai, T. B. Zhao, and Y. J. Wang, 2017: Using stable isotopes to understand seasonal and interannual dynamics in moisture sources and atmospheric circulation in precipitation. Hydrological Processes, 31, 4682−4692, |
| Terzer, S., L. I. Wassenaar, L. J. Araguás-Araguás, and P. K. Aggarwal, 2013: Global isoscapes for δ18O and δ2H in precipitation: Improved prediction using regionalized climatic regression models. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17, 4713−4728, |
| Tharammal, T., G. Bala, and D. Noone, 2017: Impact of deep convection on the isotopic amount effect in tropical precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 122, 1505−1523, |
| Torres, R. R., D. M. Lapola, J. A. Marengo, and M. A. Lombardo, 2012: Socio-climatic hotspots in Brazil. Climatic Change, 115, 597−609, |
| Torri, G., D. Ma, and Z. M. Kuang, 2017: Stable water isotopes and large-scale vertical motions in the tropics. J. Geophys. Res., 122, 3703−3717, |
| van der Ent, R. J., and O. A. Tuinenburg, 2017: The residence time of water in the atmosphere revisited. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21, 779−790, |
| Vera, C., and Coauthors, 2006: Toward a unified view of the American monsoon systems. J. Climate, 19, 4977−5000, |
| Vuille, M., and M. Werner, 2005: Stable isotopes in precipitation recording South American summer monsoon and ENSO variability: observations and model results. Climate Dyn., 25, 401−413, |
| Vuille, M., R. S. Bradley, M. Werner, R. Healy, and F. Keimig, 2003: Modeling δ18O in precipitation over the tropical Americas: 1. Interannual variability and climatic controls. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4174, |
| Wasko, C., and A. Sharma, 2017: Continuous rainfall generation for a warmer climate using observed temperature sensitivities. J. Hydrol., 544, 575−590, |
| Winnick, M. J., C. P. Chamberlain, J. K. Caves, and J. M. Welker, 2014: Quantifying the isotopic ‘continental effect’. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 406, 123−133, |
| Wu, H. W., X. P. Zhang, X. Y. Li, G. Li, and Y. M. Huang, 2015: Seasonal variations of deuterium and oxygen-18 isotopes and their response to moisture source for precipitation events in the subtropical monsoon region. Hydrological Processes, 29, 90−102, |
| Zilli, M. T., L. M. V. Carvalho, and B. R. Lintner, 2019: The poleward shift of South Atlantic Convergence Zone in recent decades. Climate Dyn., 52, 2545−2563, |