Chen X. Q., W. F. Pan, 2002: Relationships among phenological growing season, time-integrated normalized difference vegetation index and climate forcing in the temperate region of eastern China. Int. J. Climatol., 22, 1781- 2002.
Chmielewski F. M., A. Muller, and E. Bruns, 2004: Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961-2000. Agric. Forest Meteor., 121, 69- 78.
Cong N., T. Wang, H. J. Nan, Y. C. Ma, X. H. Wang, R. B. Myneni, and S. L. Piao, 2013: Changes in satellite-derived spring vegetation green-up date and its linkage to climate in China from 1982 to 2010: A multimethod analysis. Global Change Biol., 19, 881- 891.
Cubasch U., Coauthors, 2001: Projections of future climate change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J. T. Houghton et al., Eds. , Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, UK., 525- 582.
Dai J. H., H. J. Wang, and Q. S. Ge, 2013: Multiple phenological responses to climate change among 42 plant species in Xi'an, China. Int. J. Biometeor., 57, 749- 758.
Dai J. H., H. J. Wang, and Q. S. Ge, 2014: The spatial pattern of leaf phenology and its response to climate change in China. Int. J. Biometeor., 58, 521- 528.
Fitter A. H., R. S. R. Fitter, 2002: Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants. Science, 296, 1689- 1691.
Ge Q. S., H. J. Wang, and J. H. Dai, 2014a: Simulating changes in the leaf unfolding time of 20 plant species in China over the twenty-first century. Int. J. Biometeor., 58( 4), 473- 484.
Ge Q. S., H. J. Wang, T. Rutishauser, and J. H. Dai, 2014b: Phenological response to climate change in China: A meta-analysis. Global Change Biol., doi: 10.1111/gcb.12648.
Gillett N. P., F. W. Zwiers, A. J. Weaver, G. C. Hegerl, M. R. Allen, and P. A. Stott, 2002: Detecting anthropogenic influence with a multi-model ensemble. Geophys. Res. Lett.,29(20), 31-1-31-4, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015836.
Gleckler P. J., K. E. Taylor, and C. Doutriaux, 2008: Performance metrics for climate models. J. Geophys. Res.,113, doi: 10.1029/2007JD008972.
Harris I., P. D. Jones, T. J. Osborn, and D. H. Lister, 2014: Updated high-resolution grid of monthly climatic observations——the CRU TS3.10 Dataset. Int. J. Climatol., 34, 623- 642.
Hegerl, G. C., Coauthors, 2007: Understanding and attributing climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York,NY, USA, 663- 745.
IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: Impacts,Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J. J. Mccarthy et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1032 pp.
IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.
Jeong S. J., C. H. Ho, H. J. Gim, and M. E. Brown, 2011: Phenology shifts at start vs. end of growing season in temperature vegetation over the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1982-2008. Global Change Biology,17, 2385-2399, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02397.x.
Kharin V. V., F. W. Zwiers, X. B. Zhang, and G. C. Hegerl, 2007: Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in the IPCC ensemble of global coupled model simulations. J.Climate, 20, 1419- 1444.
Knutti R., 2008: Should we believe model predictions of future climate change? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A,366, 4647-4664, doi: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0169.
Knutti R., J. Sedlacek, 2013: Robustness and uncertainties in the new CMIP5 climate model projections. Nature Climate Change,3, 369-373, doi: 10.1038/nclimate1716.
Knutti R., Coauthors, 2008: A review of uncertainties in global temperature projections over the twenty-first century. J. Climate,21, 2651-2663, doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2119.1.
Linderholm H. W., 2006: Growing season changes in the last century. Agric. Forest Meteor.,137, 1-14, doi: 10.1016/ j.agrformet.2006.03.006.
Matsumoto K., T. Ohta, M. Irasawa, and T. Nakamura, 2003: Climate change and extension of the Ginkgo biloba L. growing season in Japan. Global Change Biology,9, 1634-1642, doi: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00688.x.
McWilliams J. C., 2007: Irreducible imprecision in atmospheric and oceanic simulations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,104, 8709-8713, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702971104.
Menzel A., P. Fabian, 1999: Growing season extended in Europe. Nature, 397, 659.
Meehl, G. A., Coauthors, 2007: Global Climate Projections. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon et al., Eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York,NY, USA, 747- 845.
Moss, R. H., Coauthors, 2010: The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature,463, 747-756, doi: 10.1038/nature08823.
Piao S. L., J. Y. Fang, L. M. Zhou, P. Ciais, and B. Zhu, 2006: Variations in satellite-derived phenology in China's temperate vegetation. Global Change Biology,12, 672-685, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01123.x.
Rand all, D. A., Coauthors, 2007: Climate models and their evaluation. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York,NY,USA, 589- 662.
Reichler T., J. Kim, 2008: How well do coupled models simulate today's climate? Bull. Amer. Meteor.Soc.,89, 303-311, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-89-3-303.
Shen M.G., Coauthors, 2014: Earlier-Season vegetation has greater temperature sensitivity of spring phenology in northern hemisphere. Plos One, 9(2),e88178, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088178.
Slayback D. A., J. E. Pinzon, S. O. Los, and C. J. Tucker, 2003: Northern hemisphere photosynthetic trends 1982-99. Global Change Biology,9(1), 1-15, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00507.x.
Sparks T., 2000: The long-term phenology of woodland species in Britain. Long-term Studies in British Woodland, Vol. 34, English Nature Science Series, K. J. Kirby and M. D. Morecroft, Eds., 98- 105.
Sparks T. H., A. Menzel, 2002: Observed changes in seasons: An overview. Int. J. Climatol.,22, 1715-1725, doi: 10.1002/joc.821.
Taylor K. E., R. J. Stouffer, and G. A. Meehl, 2012: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,93, 485-498, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1.
Tebaldi C., R. Knutti, 2007: The use of the multi-model ensemble in probabilistic climate projections. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A,365, 2053-2075, doi: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2076.
Tucker C. J., J. E. Pinzon, M. E. Brown, D. A. Slayback, E. W. Pak, R. Mahoney, E. F. Vermote, and N. E. Saleous, 2005: An extended AVHRR 8 km NDVI data set compatible with MODIS and SPOT vegetation NDVI data. Int. J. Remote Sens., 26, 4485- 4498.
Wang H. J., J. H. Dai, J. Z. Zheng, and Q. S. Ge, 2014: Temperature sensitivity of plant phenology in temperate and subtropical regions of China from 1850-2009. Int. J. Climatol., doi: 10.1002/joc.4026.
Xia J. J., Z. W. Yan, and P. L. Wu, 2013: Multidecadal variability in local growing season during 1901-2009. Climate Dyn., 41, 295- 305.
Zeng H. Q., G. S. Jia, and H. Epstein, 2011: Recent changes in phenology over the northern high latitudes detected from multi-satellite data. Environ. Res. Lett., 6(4),045508, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045508.
Zhou T. J., R. C. Yu, 2006: Twentieth century surface air temperature over china and the globe simulated by coupled climate models. J. Climate., 19( 22), 5843- 5858.