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Li J.,R. C. Yu, and W. Sun, 2013a: Calculation and analysis of the thresholds of hourly extreme precipitation in mainland China. Torrential Rain and Disasters, 32, 11- 16. (in Chinese)070e655c38908ce29d268815d3b19d68http%3A%2F%2Fwww.en.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle_en%2FCJFDTotal-HBQX201301003.htmhttp://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HBQX201301003.htmUsing two methods in thresholds definition,Generalized Extreme Value(GEV) distribution and percentile measurement,the thresholds of hourly rainfall intensity at 465 stations in mainland China are analyzed on different extreme scales.GEV distribution shows that the thresholds for 2,5,10,and 50-year return period share an identical spatial distribution,which exhibits highest values in coastal region of southern China;higher values in the north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley,west of Sichuan basin,and east of northern China;lower values in the midwest of Yunnan,west of northern China,and west of northeast China;lowest values in the western China.Meanwhile,the percentile results have the same distribution pattern as GEV outcomes on a whole,which present higher thresholds in southeast and lower thresholds in northwest.The medians at 465 stations are analyzed.The results indicate that intensity thresholds of the 99.9th percentile are close to intensity thresholds of 2-year return period.Having converted the thresholds of the 99.9th percentile to return period level,it is shown that the return periods are under 2-year in Yangtze River valley and its southern area;longer than 4-year along 35 N;longer than 8-year in parts of northern China and northwest China.
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Liu P.,Y. F. Fu, 2010: Climatic characteristics of summer convective and stratiform precipitation in southern China based on measurements by TRMM precipitation radar. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 34, 802- 814. (in Chinese)10.3724/SP.J.1037.2010.001862c5da41882a446af84d343f0e178489fhttp%3A%2F%2Fen.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle_en%2FCJFDTOTAL-DQXK201004013.htmhttp://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK201004013.htmThe characteristics of summer convective and stratiform precipitation in southern China are investigated based on measurements by TRMM Precipitation Radar(PR)from 1998 to 2007.Results indicate that the frequency of stratiform precipitation is two times higher than that of convective precipitation,but the conditional rain rate of convective precipitation is nearly four times larger than that of stratiform precipitation,which result in the two types of precipitation have the same contribution to total rain.The distributions of both convective and stratiform precipitation suggest remarkable regionality.The frequency of convective precipitation reaches the peak in the afternoon over most of southern China,while the frequency of stratiform precipitation distributes mildly.The diurnal cycles of convective and stratiform precipitation profiles are mainly displayed in the variation of "storm top",namely,the variation of precipitation cloud depth.Moreover,the profiles of two types of precipitation over different regions are obviously distinct.The cross sections of two types of precipitation not only show that the variation of the "storm top" of convective precipitation is much sharper than that of stratiform precipitation,but also show the diurnal cycle of the conditional rain rate of stratiform precipitation is sharper than that of convective precipitation.The conditional rain rate of stratiform precipitation changes more significantly among different regions.
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Tian F. Y.,Y. G. Zheng, X. L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. J. Lin, X. W. Zhang, and W. J. Zhu, 2018: Structure, triggering and maintenance mechanism of convective systems during the Guangzhou extreme rainfall on 7 May 2017. Meteorological Monthly, 44, 469- 484. (in Chinese)3a7d3a97e88923419835bdd6c6bb099ahttp%3A%2F%2Fen.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle_en%2FCJFDTotal-QXXX201804001.htmhttp://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-QXXX201804001.htmA very extreme rainfall event occurred on 7 May 2017 in Xintang Town,Zengcheng District of Guangzhou with maximum hourly precipitation exceeding 180 mm and 3 hrainfall exceeding 330 mm(shortly"the 5 7 extreme rainfall event"),causing severe economic damages.The rainfall process can be divided into two stages:Huadu rainfall stage and Zengcheng rainfall stage.The severe rainfall was mainly concentrated in two or three hours.The maximum minutely rainfall was high up to 5.0 mm.About120 mm of the rain poured between 05:30 and 06:00 BT for the extreme hourly precipitation of 184.4 mm in Xintang Town of Zengcheng.Some negative lightning was observed during the Huadu rainfall stage and only several lightning occurred during the Zengcheng convection stage.Both radar reflectivity and satellite images show that the severe convective rainfall system was characterized by small-scale and rapid developing.The radar vertical profiles show the convection featured low-echo-centroid warm-cloud precipitation.There was remarkable spatial inconsistency between radar maximum reflectivity and minimum TBB of satellite image during the mature stages of the convection.The strong updraft was the cause of the spatial inconsistency between radar maximum reflectivity and minimum TBB.The topographic radiation cooling formed the surface cold center near Huadu.The terrain combined with large-scale weak cold air blocked the north-moving warm,moist flow,and the convection was finally triggered near Huadu.The continuously transport of warm,moist air and blocking of Huadu terrain maintained the mesoscale convective system(MCS)during 01:00-03:00 BT in Huadu.The south-moving large-scale weak cold air enhanced the cold pool,and pushed the MCS to move southward rapidly in 03:00-04:00 BT.The combination of south-moving MCS and local convection enhanced the convection over Zengcheng Region.The cold pool driven theory can explain the long-time maintenance and development of the MCS over Zengcheng.Both weak ambient flow and southward surface flow made the MCS slowly move during the two heavy rainfall stages.Thus,the extremely severe rainfall over Huadu and Zengcheng of Guangzhou took place.
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