|
Albrecht B. A.,1989: Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness. Science, 245(4923), 1227-1230, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4923.1227 |
|
An L. J.,F. M. Ren, Y. J. Li, and Y. P. Li, 2014: Study on characteristics of regional drought events over north China during the past 50 years. Meteorological Monthly, 40, 1097-1105, https://doi.org/10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2014.09.007 |
|
An S. Q.,J. X. Xing, 1986: A modified Palmer's Drought Index. J. Acad. Meteorol. Sci. China, 1, 75- 82. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
|
Berg, A., Coauthors, 2016: Land-atmosphere feedbacks amplify aridity increase over land under global warming. Nat. Clim. Chang, 6, 869-874, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3029 |
|
Bi J. R.,J. P. Huang, Q. Fu, X. Wang, J. S. Shi, W. Zhang, Z. W. Huang, and B. D. Zhang, 2011: Toward characterization of the aerosol optical properties over Loess Plateau of northwestern China. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 112, 346-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.09.006 |
|
Charney J. G.,1975: Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 101, 193-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/qj.49710142802 |
|
Chen F.,J. S. Wang, L. Y. Jin, Q. Zhang, J. Li, and J. H. Chen, 2009: Rapid warming in mid-latitude central Asia for the past 100 years. Frontiers of Earth Science in China, 3(1), 42-50, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-009-0013-9 |
|
Chen F. H.,W. Huang, L. Y. Jin, J. H. Chen, and J. S. Wang, 2011: Spatiotemporal precipitation variations in the arid Central Asia in the context of global warming. Science China Earth Sciences, 54(12), 1812-1821, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4333-8 |
|
Chen L.,Z. G. Ma, and T. B. Zhao, 2017: Modeling and analysis of the potential impacts on regional climate due to vegetation degradation over arid and semi-arid regions of China. Climatic Change, 144, 461-473, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1847-2 |
|
Chen S. Y.,J. P. Huang, C. Zhao, Y. Qian, L. R. Leung, and B. Yang, 2013: Modeling the transport and radiative forcing of Taklimakan dust over the Tibetan Plateau: A case study in the summer of 2006. J. Geophys. Res., 118(2), 797-812, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50122 |
|
Cheng S. J.,X. D. Guan, J. P. Huang, F. Ji, and R. X. Guo, 2015: Long-term trend and variability of soil moisture over East Asia. J. Geophys. Res., 120, 8658-8670, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023206 |
|
Cheng S. J.,J. P. Huang, 2016: Enhanced soil moisture drying in transitional regions under a warming climate. J. Geophys. Res., 121, 2542-2555, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024559 |
|
Chou C.,J. D. Neelin, C. A. Chen, and J. Y. Tu, 2009: Evaluating the "rich-get-richer" mechanism in tropical precipitation change under global warming. J. Climate, 22(8), 1982-2005, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2471.1 |
|
Dai A. G.,2013: Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models. Nat. Clim. Chang., 3(1), 52-58, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1633 |
|
Dai A. G.,T. B. Zhao, 2017: Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part I: estimates of historical drought changes. Climatic Change, 144, 519-533, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1705-2 |
|
Dai A. G.,K. E. Trenberth, and T. T. Qian, 2004: A global dataset of Palmer Drought Severity Index for 1870-2002: Relationship with soil moisture and effects of surface warming. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5(6), 1117-1130, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-386.1 |
|
Deng X. Z.,C. H. Zhao, and H. M. Yan, 2013: Systematic modeling of impacts of land use and land cover changes on regional climate: A review. Advances in Meteorology, 2013, 317678, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/317678 |
|
Dong B.,A. G. Dai, 2015: The influence of the interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on temperature and precipitation over the globe. Climate Dyn., 45, 2667-2681, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2500-x |
|
Donohue R. J.,T. R. McVicar, and M. L. Roderick, 2010: Assessing the ability of potential evaporation formulations to capture the dynamics in evaporative demand within a changing climate. J. Hydrol., 386, 186-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.03.020 |
|
Duan A. M.,Z. X. Xiao, 2015: Does the climate warming hiatus exist over the Tibetan Plateau?. Scientific Reports, 5, 13711, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13711 |
|
Duan A. M.,R. Z. Sun, and J. H. He, 2017: Impact of surface sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau on the western Pacific subtropical high: A land-air-sea interaction perspective. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 34(2), 157-168, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-016-6008-z |
|
Feng S.,Q. Fu, 2013: Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13(19), 10 081-10 094, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10081-2013 |
|
Fu C.,H. Wei, 1993: Study on sensitivity of meso-scale model in response to land cover classification over China. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 74, 172. |
|
Fu C. B.,1994: Studies on the observed abrupt climatic change. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 18(3), 373-384, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1994.03.14 |
|
Fu C. B.,G. Wen, 2002: Several issues on aridification in the northern China. Climatic and Environmental Research, 7(1), 22-29, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2002.01.03 |
|
Fu C. B.,Z. G. Ma, 2008: Global change and regional aridification. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 32(4), 752-760, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.04.05 |
|
Fu Q.,S. Feng, 2014: Responses of terrestrial aridity to global warming. J. Geophys. Res., 119(13), 7863-7875, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021608 |
|
Fu Q.,L. Lin, J. P. Huang, S. Feng, and A. Gettelman, 2016: Changes in terrestrial aridity for the period 850-2080 from the community Earth system Model. J. Geophys. Res., 121(6), 2857-2873, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024075 |
|
Ge J. M.,J. P. Huang, C. P. Xu, Y. L. Qi, and H. Y. Liu, 2014: Characteristics of Taklimakan dust emission and distribution: A satellite and reanalysis field perspective. J. Geophys. Res., 119(20), 11 772-11 783, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022280 |
|
Gong D. Y.,P. J. Shi, and J. A. Wang, 2004: Daily precipitation changes in the semi-arid region over northern China. Journal of Arid Environments, 59(4), 771-784, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.02.006 |
|
Guan X. D.,J. P. Huang, R. X. Guo, H. P. Yu, P. Lin, and Y. T. Zhang, 2015: Role of radiatively forced temperature changes in enhanced semi-arid warming in the cold season over East Asia. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(23), 13 777-13 786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13777-2015 |
|
Guan X. D.,P. J. Huang, T. Y. Zhang, K. Y. Xie, and J. J. Liu, 2016: The relationship between anthropogenic dust and population over global semi-arid regions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 5159-5169, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5159-2016 |
|
Han Z. W.,J. W. Li, W. D. Guo, Z. Xiong, and W. Zhang, 2013: A study of dust radiative feedback on dust cycle and meteorology over East Asia by a coupled regional climate-chemistry-aerosol model. Atmos. Environ., 68, 54-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.032 |
|
He Y. L.,J. P. Huang, and M. X. Ji, 2014: Impact of land-sea thermal contrast on interdecadal variation in circulation and blocking. Climate Dyn., 43(12), 3267-3279, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2103-y |
|
Huang J.,C. Zhang, and J. M. Prospero, 2009: Large-scale effect of aerosols on precipitation in the West African monsoon region. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135(640), 581-594, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.391 |
|
Huang J. F.,C. D. Zhang, and J. M. Prospero, 2010: African dust outbreaks: A satellite perspective of temporal and spatial variability over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D05202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012516 |
|
Huang J. P.,B. Lin, P. Minnis, T. H. Wang, X. Wang, Y. X. Hu, Y. H. Yi, and J. K. Ayers, 2006a: Satellite-based assessment of possible dust aerosols semi-direct effect on cloud water path over East Asia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(19), L19802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026561 |
|
Huang J. P.,P. Minnis, B. Lin, T. H. Wang, Y. H. Yi, Y. X. Hu, S. Sun-Mack, and K. Ayers, 2006b: Possible influences of Asian dust aerosols on cloud properties and radiative forcing observed from MODIS and CERES. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(6), L06824, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024724 |
|
Huang J. P.,Y. J. Wang, T. H. Wang, and Y. H. Yi, 2006c: Dusty cloud radiative forcing derived from satellite data for middle latitude regions of East Asia. Progress in Natural Science, 16(10), 1084-1089, https://doi.org/10.1080/10020070612330114 |
|
Huang, J. P.,Coauthors, 2007: Summer dust aerosols detected from CALIPSO over the Tibetan Plateau. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34(18), L18805, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029938 |
|
Huang J. P.,P. Minnis, B. Chen, Z. W. Huang, Z. Y. Liu, Q. Y. Zhao, Y. H. Yi, and J. K. Ayers, 2008: Long-range transport and vertical structure of Asian dust from CALIPSO and surface measurements during PACDEX. J. Geophys. Res., 113(D23), D23212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010620 |
|
Huang J. P.,X. D. Guan, and F. Ji, 2012: Enhanced cold-season warming in semi-arid regions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12(12), 5391-5398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5391-2012 |
|
Huang J. P.,T. H. Wang, W. C. Wang, Z. Q. Li, and H. R. Yan, 2014: Climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asian arid and semiarid regions. J. Geophys. Res., 119(19), 11 398-11 416, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021796 |
|
Huang J. P.,J. J. Liu, B. Chen, and S. L. Nasiri, 2015: Detection of anthropogenic dust using CALIPSO lidar measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 11 653-11 665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11653-2015 |
|
Huang J. P.,M. X. Ji, Y. K. Xie, S. S. Wang, Y. L. He, and J. T. Ran, 2016a: Global semi-arid climate change over last 60 years. Climate Dyn., 46(3-4), 1131-1150, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2636-8 |
|
Huang J. P.,H. P. Yu, X. D. Guan, G. Y. Wang, and R. X. Guo, 2016b: Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change. Nature Climate Change, 6(2), 166-171, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2837 |
|
Huang, J. P.,Coauthors, 2017a: Dryland climate change: Recent progress and challenges. Rev. Geophys., 55, 719-778, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000550 |
|
Huang J. P.,H. P. Yu, A. G. Dai, Y. Wei, and L. T. Kang, 2017b: Drylands face potential threat under 2 °C global warming target. Nature Climate Change, 7, 417-422, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3275 |
|
Huang J. P.,Y. K. Xie, X. D. Guan, D. D. Li, and F. Ji, 2017c: The dynamics of the warming hiatus over the Northern Hemisphere. Climate Dyn., 48, 429-446, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3085-8 |
|
Hulme M.,1996: Recent climatic change in the world's drylands. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(1), 61-64, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL03586 |
|
Hulme M.,R. Marsh, and P. D. Jones, 1992: Global changes in a humidity index between 1931-60 and 1961-90. Climate Research, 2, 1-22, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr002001 |
|
IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. In: Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp. |
|
Ji F.,Z. H. Wu, J. P. Huang, and E. P. Chassignet, 2014: Evolution of land surface air temperature trend. Nature Climate Change, 4(6), 462-466, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2223 |
|
Ji M. X.,J. P. Huang, Y. K. Xie, and J. Liu, 2015: Comparison of dryland climate change in observations and CMIP5 simulations. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32(11), 1565-1574, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-4267-8 |
|
Kawamoto K.,T. Hayasaka, T. Nakajima, D. Streets, and J. H. Woo, 2004: Examining the aerosol indirect effect over China using an SO2 emission inventory. Atmospheric Research, 72(1-4), 353-363, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.03.028 |
|
Kerr Y. H.,2007: Soil moisture from space: Where are we?. Hydrogeology Journal, 15, 117-120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0095-3 |
|
Köppen, W., 1884: Die Wärmezonen der Erde, nach der Dauer der heissen, gemässigten und kalten Zeit und nach der Wirkung der Wärme auf die organische Welt betrachtet (The thermal zones of the earth according to the duration of hot, moderate and cold periods and to the impact of heat on the organic world). Meteor. Z., 1, 215- 226. |
|
Kurosaki Y.,M. Shinoda, M. Mikami, and B. Nandintsetseg, 2011: Effects of soil and land surface conditions in summer on dust outbreaks in the following spring in a mongolian grassland. Sola, 7(1), 69-72, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2011-018 |
|
Li C. X.,T. B. Zhao, and K. R. Ying, 2016a: Effects of anthropogenic aerosols on temperature changes in China during the twentieth century based on CMIP5 models. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 125(3-4), 529-540, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1527-6 |
|
Li C. X.,T. B. Zhao, and K. R. Ying, 2017: Quantifying the contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcings to climate changes over arid-semiarid areas during 1946-2005. Climatic Change, 144, 505-517, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2028-7 |
|
Li J. B.,X. H. Gou, E. R. Cook, and F. H. Chen, 2006: Tree-ring based drought reconstruction for the central Tien Shan area in Northwest China. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(7), L07715, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025803 |
|
Li J. W.,Z. F. Liu, C. Y. He, W. Tu, and Z. X. Sun, 2016b: Are the drylands in northern china sustainable? A perspective from ecological footprint dynamics from 1990 to 2010. Science of the Total Environment, 553, 223-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.088 |
|
Li Y.,J. P. Huang, M. X. Ji, and J. J. Ran, 2015: Dryland expansion in northern China from 1948 to 2008. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32(6), 870-876, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-4106-3 |
|
Li Z. Q.,2004: Aerosol and climate: A perspective over East Asia. In Observation, Theory, and Modeling of the Atmospheric Variability. X. Zhu, et al., Ed., World Sci. Co, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812791139_0025 |
|
Li Z. Q.,K. H. Lee, Y. S. Wang, J. Y. Xin, and W. M. Hao, 2010: First observation-based estimates of cloud-free aerosol radiative forcing across China. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00K18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013306 |
|
Li Z. Q.,F. Niu, J. W. Fan, Y. G. Liu, D. Rosenfeld, and Y. N. Ding, 2011: Long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation. Nature Geoscience, 4(12), 888-894, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1313 |
|
Lin L.,A. Gettelman, S. Feng, and Q. Fu, 2015: Simulated climatology and evolution of aridity in the 21st century. J. Geophys. Res., 120(12), 5795-5815, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022912 |
|
Lin L.,A. Gettelman, Y. Xu, and Q. Fu, 2016: Simulated responses of terrestrial aridity to black carbon and sulfate aerosols. J. Geophys. Res., 121(2), 785-794, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024100 |
|
Lin P.,J. J. Xia, Z. W. Yan, and H. Yang, 2017: Assessment of the Pacific decadal oscillation's contribution to the occurrence of local torrential rainfall in north China. Climatic Change, 144, 391-403, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1610-8 |
|
Liu C. M.,J. Xia, 2004: Water problems and hydrological research in the Yellow River and the Huai and Hai River basins of China. Hydrological Processes, 18(12), 2197-2210, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5524 |
|
Liu W. W.,S. Q. An, G. S. Liu, and A. H. Guo, 2004: The farther modification of Palmer drought severity model. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 15, 207-216, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2004.02.009 |
|
Liu X. D.,Q. C. Guo, Z. T. Guo, Z. Y. Yin, B. W. Dong, and R. Smith, 2015: Where were the monsoon regions and arid zones in Asia prior to the Tibetan Plateau uplift?. National Science Review, 2(4), 403-416, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv068 |
|
Liu Z. Y.,M. Notaro, J. Kutzbach, and N. Z. Liu, 2006: Assessing global vegetation-climate feedbacks from observations. J. Climate, 19, 787-814, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3658.1 |
|
Ma J. R.,X. D. Guan, R. X. Guo, Z. W. Gan, and Y. K. Xie, 2017: Mechanism of non-appearance of hiatus in Tibetan Plateau. Scientific Reports, 7, 4421, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04615-7 |
|
Ma Z. G.,2007: The interdecadal trend and shift of dry/wet over the central part of North China and their relationship to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Chinese Science Bulletin, 52, 2130-2139, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-007-0284-z |
|
Ma Z. G.,C. B. Fu, 2003: Interannual characteristics of the surface hydrological variables over the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China. Global and Planetary Change, 37(3-4), 189-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00203-5 |
|
Ma Z. G.,L. Dan, 2005: Dry/wet variation and its relationship with regional warming in arid-regions of Northern China. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 48, 1091-1099, https://doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.752 |
|
Ma Z. G.,C. B. Fu, 2006: Some evidence of drying trend over northern China from 1951 to 2004. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51, 2913-2925, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-006-2159-0 |
|
Ma Z. G.,L. J. Shao, 2006: Relationship between dry/wet variation and the Pacific Decade Oscillation (PDO) in Northern China during the last 100 years. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 30, 464-474, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.03.10 |
|
Ma Z. G.,C. B. Fu, 2007: Global aridification in the second half of the 20th century and its relationship to large-scale climate background. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 50(5), 776-788, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-007-0036-6 |
|
Maestre, F. T.,Coauthors, 2013: Changes in biocrust cover drive carbon cycle responses to climate change in drylands. Global Change Biology, 19(12), 3835-3847, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12306 |
|
Mainguet M.,1999: Aridity-Droughts and Human Development.Springer, 302 pp,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03906-9 |
|
Palmer W. C.,1965: Meteorological drought research paper 45, Washington D C, US Department of Commerce Weather Bureau. |
|
Penman H. L.,1948: Natural evaporation from open water, hare soil and grass. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 193, 120- 145.10.1098/rspa.1948.0037c9b85348f87f55aeddb4cbbe3c8ebeeahttp%3A%2F%2Feuropepmc.org%2Fabstract%2FMED%2F18865817http://www.royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.1948.0037 |
|
Piao, S. L.,Coauthors, 2010: The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China. Nature, 467(7311), 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09364 |
|
Poulter, B. J.,Coauthors, 2014: Contribution of semi-arid ecosystems to interannual variability of the global carbon cycle. Nature, 509, 600-603, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13376 |
|
Qian C.,T. J. Zhou, 2014: Multidecadal variability of North China aridity and its relationship to PDO during 1900-2010. J. Climate, 27(3), 1210-1222, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00235.1 |
|
Qian W. H.,T. Ding, H. R. Hu, X. Lin, and A. M. Qin, 2009: An overview of dry-wet climate variability among monsoon-westerly regions and the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26, 630-641, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-8213-5 |
|
Qian Z. A.,M. H. Song, T. W. Wu, and Y. Cai, 2017: Review of advances in world dryland climate research (II): Main investigation progress. Plateau Meteorology, 36, 1457-1476, https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00076 |
|
Reed S. C.,K. K. Coe, J. P. Sparks, D. C. Housman, T. J. Zelikova, and J. Belnap, 2012: Changes to dryland rainfall result in rapid moss mortality and altered soil fertility. Nature Climate Change, 2, 752-755, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1596 |
|
Safriel U.,Z. Adeel, 2005: Dryland systems. Ecosystems and Human Well-being, Current State and Trends, R. Hassan et al., Eds., Island Press, 623- 662. |
|
Seager, R., Coauthors, 2007: Model projections of an imminent transition to a more arid climate in southwestern North America. Science, 316(5828), 1181-1184, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139601 |
|
Seneviratne S. I.,T. Corti, E. L. Davin, M. Hirschi, E. B. Jaeger, I. Lehner, B. Orlowsky, and A. J. Teuling, 2010: Investigating soil moisture-climate interactions in a changing climate: A review. Earth-Science Reviews, 99(3-4), 125-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.02.004 |
|
Shi Z. T.,L. Y. Zhang, and G. W. Sui, 1994: Natural disasters and their formation causes on Chinese monsoon marginal belt. Journal of Catastrophology, 9( 4), 59- 64. (in Chinese with English abstract)46aa16c901a5c6a59f62176b507a0c38http%3A%2F%2Fwww.en.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle_en%2FCJFDTOTAL-ZHXU404.012.htm |
|
Su J.,J. P. Huang, Q. Fu, P. Minnis, J. M. Ge, and J. R. Bi, 2008: Estimation of Asian dust aerosol effect on cloud radiation forcing using Fu-Liou radiative model and CERES measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 2763-2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2763-2008 |
|
Tang G. L.,Y. H. Ding, S. W. Wang, G. Y. Ren, H. B. Liu, and L. Zhang, 2010: Comparative analysis of China surface air temperature series for the past 100 years. Advance in Climate Change Research, 1(1), 11-19, https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1248.2010.00011 |
|
Thornthwaite C. W.,1948: An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geographical Review, 38(1), 55-94, https://doi.org/10.2307/210739 |
|
Twomey S.,1977: The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149-1154, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1149:TIOPOT>2.0.CO;2 |
|
Vicente-Serrano S. M., S. Beguería, J. I. López-Moreno, M. Angulo, and A. El Kenawy, 2010: A new global 0.5° gridded dataset (1901-2006) of a multiscalar drought index: Comparison with current drought index datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 11, 1033-1043, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1224.1 |
|
Wallace J. M.,Y. Zhang, and J. A. Renwick, 1995: Dynamic contribution to hemispheric mean temperature trends. Science, 270(5237), 780-783, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5237.780 |
|
Wang G. Y.,J. P. Huang, W. D. Guo, J. Q. Zuo, J. M. Wang, J. R. Bi, Z. W. Huang, and J. S. Shi, 2010a: Observation analysis of land-atmosphere interactions over the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00K17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd013372 |
|
Wang H. J.,Y. N. Chen, and Z. S. Chen, 2013: Spatial distribution and temporal trends of mean precipitation and extremes in the arid region, northwest of China, during 1960-2010. Hydrological Processes, 27(12), 1807-1818, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9339 |
|
Wang L.,W. Chen, and R. H. Huang, 2008: Interdecadal modulation of PDO on the impact of ENSO on the East Asian winter monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(20), L20702, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035287 |
|
Wang L.,P. D'Odorico, J. P. Evans, D. J. Eldridge, M. F. McCabe, K. K. Caylor, and E. G. King, 2012: Dryland ecohydrology and climate change: Critical issues and technical advances. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(8), 2585-2603, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2585-2012 |
|
Wang L.,W. Chen, G. Huang, and G. Zeng, 2017: Changes of the transitional climate zone in East Asia: Past and future. Climate Dyn., 49, 1463-1477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3400-4 |
|
Wang S. S.,J. P. Huang, Y. L. He, and Y. P. Guan, 2014: Combined effects of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation on global land dry-wet changes. Scientific Reports, 4, 6651, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06651 |
|
Wang T.,W. Wu, X. Xue, Q. W. Sun, W. M. Zhang, and Z. W. Han, 2004: Spatial-temporal changes of sandy desertified land during last 5 decades in Northern China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 59, 203-212, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2004.02.006 |
|
Wang W. C.,J. P. Huang, P. Minnis, Y. X. Hu, J. M. Li, Z. W. Huang, J. K. Ayers, and T. H. Wang, 2010b: Dusty cloud properties and radiative forcing over dust source and downwind regions derived from A-Train data during the Pacific dust experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H35, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014109 |
|
Wells N.,S. Goddard, and M. J. Hayes, 2004: A self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index. J. Climate, 17, 2335-2351, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2335:ASPDSI>2.0.CO;2 |
|
Wu G. X.,Y. M. Liu, X. Zhu, W. Li, R. Ren, A. M. Duan, and X. Liang, 2009: Multi-scale forcing and the formation of subtropical desert and monsoon. Annales Geophysicae, 27, 3631-3644, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3631-2009 |
|
Xia J.,L. K. Ning, Q. Wang, J. X. Chen, L. Wan, and S. Hong, 2017: Vulnerability of and risk to water resources in arid and semi-arid regions of West China under a scenario of climate change. Climatic Change, 144, 549-563, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1709-y |
|
Xia, X., Coauthors, 2016: Ground-based remote sensing of aerosol climatology in China: Aerosol optical properties, direct radiative effect and its parameterization. Atmos. Environ., 124, 243-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.071 |
|
Xiao Z. X.,A. M. Duan, 2016: Impacts of Tibetan Plateau snow cover on the interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 29(23), 8495-8514, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0029.1 |
|
Xu Z. F.,Z. L. Yang, 2017: Relative impacts of increased greenhouse gas concentrations and land cover change on the surface climate in arid and semi-arid regions of China. Climatic Change, 144, 491-503, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2025-x |
|
Yang Q.,M. X. Li, Z. Y. Zheng, and Z. G. Ma, 2017a: Regional applicability of seven meteorological drought indices in China. Science China Earth Sciences, 60, 745-760, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5133-5 |
|
Yang Q.,Z. G. Ma, X. A. Fan, Z. L. Yang, Z. F. Xu, and P. L. Wu, 2017b: Decadal modulation of precipitation patterns over eastern China by sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 30, 7017-7033, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0793.1 |
|
Yang Q.,Z. G. Ma, and B. L. Xu, 2017c: Modulation of monthly precipitation patterns over East China by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Climatic Change, 144, 405-417, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1662-9 |
|
Yin D. Q.,M. L. Roderick, G. Leech, F. B. Sun, and Y. F. Huang, 2014: The contribution of reduction in evaporative cooling to higher surface air temperatures during drought. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(22), 7891-7897, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062039 |
|
Yu Y.,Z. H. Xie, 2013: A simulation study on climatic effects of land cover change in China. Advances in Climate Change Research, 4, 117-126, https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1248.2013.117 |
|
Zhai P. M.,X. B. Zhang, H. Wan, and X. H. Pan, 2005: Trends in total precipitation and frequency of daily precipitation extremes over China. J. Climate, 18(7), 1096-1108, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-3318.1 |
|
Zhang H. Q.,X. J. Gao, and Y. H. Li, 2009: Climate impacts of land-use change in China and its uncertainty in a global model simulation. Climate Dyn., 32, 473-494, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0388-4 |
|
Zhang J. Y.,W. J. Dong, C. B. Fu, and L. Y. Wu, 2003b: The influence of vegetation cover on summer precipitation in China: A statistical analysis of NDVI and climate data. Adv. Atmos. Sci, 20(6), 1002-1006, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915523 |
|
Zhang Q.,C. Y. Xu, X. H. Chen, and Z. X. Zhang, 2011: Statistical behaviours of precipitation regimes in China and their links with atmospheric circulation 1960-2005. International Journal of Climatology, 31, 1665-1678, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2193 |
|
Zhang Q. Y.,J. Wei, and S. Y. Tao, 2003a: The decadal and interannual variations of drought in the northern China and association with the circulations. Climatic and Environmental Research, 8(3), 307-318, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2003.03.05 |
|
Zhang Y. C.,L. J. Zhang, 2005: Precipitation and temperature probability characteristics in climatic and ecological transition zone of Northeast China in recent 50 years. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 25(5), 561-566, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2005.05.008 |
|
Zhang Y. T.,X. D. Guan, P. Y. Yu, K. Y. Xie, and C. H. Jin, 2017: Contributions of radiative factors to enhanced dryland warming over East Asia. J. Geophys. Res., 122, 7723-7736, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026506 |
|
Zhang Z. S.,H. J. Wang, Z. T. Guo, and D. B. Jiang, 2007: What triggers the transition of palaeoenvironmental patterns in China, the Tibetan Plateau uplift or the Paratethys Sea retreat?. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 245, 317-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.08.003 |
|
Zhao S. Y.,H. Zhang, S. Feng, and Q. Fu, 2015: Simulating direct effects of dust aerosol on arid and semi-arid regions using an aerosol-climate coupled system. International Journal of Climatology, 35(8), 1858-1866, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4093 |
|
Zhao S. Y.,H. Zhang, Z. L. Wang, and X. W. Jing, 2017: Simulating the effects of anthropogenic aerosols on terrestrial aridity using an aerosol-climate coupled model. J. Climate, 30, 7451-7463, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0407.1 |
|
Zhao T. B.,A. G. Dai.,2015: The magnitude and causes of global drought changes in the twenty-first century under a low-moderate emissions scenario. J. Climate, 28, 4490-4512, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00363.1 |
|
Zhao T. B.,A. G. Dai, 2017: Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part II: model-simulated historical and future drought changes. Climatic Change, 144, 535-548, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1742-x |
|
Zhou L. M.,2016: Desert amplification in a warming climate. Scientific Reports, 6, 31065, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31065 |
|
Zhou L. M.,H. S. Chen, W. J. Hua, Y. J. Dai, and N. Wei, 2016: Mechanisms for stronger warming over drier ecoregions observed since 1979. Climate Dyn., 47(9-10), 2955-2974, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3007-9 |