Adler, R. F., and Coauthors, 2018: The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly analysis (New Version 2.3) and a review of 2017 global precipitation. Atmosphere, 9, 138, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9040138.
Bao, Q., 2015: Finite-volume atmospheric model of the IAP/LASG (FAMIL). Proc. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, San Francisco, AGU.
Bao, Q., and Coauthors, 2013: The flexible global ocean-atmosphere-land system model, spectral version 2: FGOALS-s2. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30, 561−576, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-2113-9.
Bates, S. C., B. Fox-Kemper, S. R. Jayne, W. G. Large, S. Stevenson, and S. G. Yeager, 2012: Mean biases, variability, and trends in air-sea fluxes and sea surface temperature in the CCSM4. J. Climate, 25, 7781−7801, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00442.1.
Canuto, V. M., A. Howard, Y. Cheng, and M. S. Dubovikov, 2001: Ocean turbulence. Part I: One-point closure model—momentum and heat vertical diffusivities. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1413−1426, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1413:OTPIOP>2.0.CO;2.
Canuto, V. M., A. Howard, Y. Cheng, and M. S. Dubovikov, 2002: Ocean turbulence. Part II: Vertical diffusivities of momentum, heat, salt, mass, and passive scalars. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 240−264, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0240:OTPIVD>2.0.CO;2.
Chassignet, E. P., and Coauthors, 2020: Impact of horizontal resolution on global ocean-sea-ice model simulations based on the experimental protocols of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP-2). Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-374.
Cheng, W., J. C. H. Chiang, and D. X. Zhang, 2013: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in CMIP5 models: RCP and historical simulations. J. Climate, 26, 7187−7197, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00496.1.
Comiso, J. C., 2017: Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS, Version 3. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. [Available online from https://doi.org/10.5067/7Q8HCCWS4I0R]
Craig, A. P., M. Vertenstein, and R. Jacob, 2012: A new flexible coupler for earth system modeling developed for CCSM4 and CESM1. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 26, 31−42, https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342011428141.
Danabasoglu, G., S. G. Yeager, Y.-O. Kwon, J. J. Tribbia, A. S. Phillips, and J. W. Hurrell, 2012: Variability of the atlantic meridional overturning circulation in CCSM4. J. Climate, 25, 5153−5172, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00463.1.
Eyring, V., S. Bony, G. A. Meehl, C. A. Senior, B. Stevens, R. J. Stouffer, and K. E. Taylor, 2016: Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization. Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 1937−1958, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016.
Ferreira, D., J. Marshall, and P. Heimbach, 2004: Estimating eddy stresses by fitting dynamics to observations using a residual-mean ocean circulation model and its adjoint. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 1891−1910, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2785.1.
Freeman, E., and Coauthors, 2017: ICOADS release 3.0: A major update to the historical marine climate record. International Journal of Climatology, 37, 2211−2232, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4775.
Ganachaud, A., and C. Wunsch, 2003: Large-scale ocean heat and freshwater transports during the world ocean circulation experiment. J. Climate, 16, 696−705, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0696:LSOHAF>2.0.CO;2.
Griffies, S. M., and Coauthors, 2011: The GFDL CM3 coupled climate model: Characteristics of the ocean and sea ice simulations. J. Climate, 24, 3520−3544, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3964.1.
Guo, Y. Y., Y. Q. Yu, P. F. Lin, H. L. Liu, B. He, Q. Bao, S. W. Zhao, and X. W. Wang, 2020: Overview of the CMIP6 historical experiment datasets with the climate system model CAS FGOALS-f3-L. Adv. Atmos. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-2004-4.
He, B., and Coauthors, 2019: CAS FGOALS-f3-L model datasets for CMIP6 historical atmospheric model intercomparison project simulation. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 771−778, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9027-8.
Huang, B. Y., and Coauthors, 2015: Extended reconstructed sea surface temperature version 4 (ERSST.v4). Part I: Upgrades and intercomparisons. J. Climate, 28, 911−930, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00006.1.
Huang, C. J., F. L. Qiao, and Z. Y. Song, 2008: The effect of the wave-induced mixing on the upper ocean temperature in a climate model. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 27, 104−111, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-505X.2008.03.011.
Hunke, E. C., and W. H. Lipscomb, 2010: CICE: The los alamos sea ice model documentation and software user’s manual version 4.1 LA-CC-06-012. T-3 Fluid Dynamics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory. [Available online from https://csdms.colorado.edu/mediawiki/images/CICE_documentation_and_software_user's_manual.pdf]
Jahn, A., and Coauthors, 2012: Late-twentieth-century simulation of arctic sea ice and ocean properties in the CCSM4. J. Climate, 25, 1431−1452, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00201.1.
Jin, X. Z., X. H. Zhang, and T. J. Zhou, 1999: Fundamental framework and experiments of the third generation of IAP/LASG world ocean general circulation model. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 16, 197−215, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973082.
Johns, T. C., and Coauthors, 2006: The new hadley centre climate model (HadGEM1): Evaluation of coupled simulations. J. Climate, 19, 1327−1353, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3712.1.
Lawrence, D. M., and Coauthors, 2011: Parameterization improvements and functional and structural advances in Version 4 of the Community Land Model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 3, M03001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011MS00045.
Li, J.-X., Q. Bao, Y.-M. Liu, and G.-X. Wu, 2017a: Evaluation of the computational performance of the finite-volume atmospheric model of the IAP/LASG (FAMIL) on a high-performance computer. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 10, 329−336, https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2017.1331111.
Li, J. X., Q. Bao, Y. M. Liu, G. X. Wu, L. Wang, B. He, X. C. Wang, and J. D. Li, 2019: Evaluation of FAMIL2 in simulating the climatology and seasonal-to-interannual variability of tropical cyclone characteristics. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11, 1117−1136, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001506.
Li, X. L., Y. Q. Yu, H. L. Liu, and P. F. Lin, 2017b: Sensitivity of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to the dynamical framework in an ocean general circulation model. J. Meteor. Res., 31, 490−501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-017-6109-3.
Lin, P. F., Y. Q. Yu, and H. L. Liu, 2013: Long-term stability and oceanic mean state simulated by the coupled model FGOALS-s2. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30, 175−192, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-2042-7.
Lin, P. F., and Coauthors, 2020: LICOM model datasets for the CMIP6 ocean model intercomparison project. Adv. Atmos. Sci, 37, 239−249, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9208-5.
Liu, H. L., P. F. Lin, Y. Q. Yu, and X. H. Zhang, 2012: The baseline evaluation of LASG/IAP climate system ocean model (LICOM) version 2. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 26, 318−329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-012-0305-y.
Liu, H. L., X. H. Zhang, W. Li, Y. Q. Yu, and R. C. Yu, 2004: An eddy-permitting oceanic general circulation model and its preliminary evaluation. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 675, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02916365.
Liu, W., and Coauthors, 2015: Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4 (ERSST.v4): Part II. Parametric and structural uncertainty estimations. J. Climate, 28, 931−951, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00007.1.
Locarnini, R. A., and Coauthors, 2019: Temperature. Vol. 1, World Ocean Atlas 2018. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 81, 52 pp.
Lumpkin, R., and K. Speer, 2007: Global ocean meridional overturning. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2550−2562, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO3130.1.
Matthes, K., and Coauthors, 2017: Solar forcing for CMIP6 (v3.2). Geoscientific Model Development, 10, 2247−2302, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2247-2017.
Smeed, D., G. McCarthy, D. Rayner, B. I. Moat, W. E. Johns, M. O. Baringer, and C. S. Meinen, 2016: Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2015. [Available online from http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/511950/].
St Laurent, L. C., H. L. Simmons, and S. R. Jayne, 2002: Estimating tidally driven mixing in the deep ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015633.
Stocker, T. F., and Coauthors, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press, 1535 pp.
Taschetto, A. S., A. S. Gupta, N. C. Jourdain, A. Santoso, C. C. Ummenhofer, and M. H. England, 2014: Cold tongue and warm pool ENSO Events in CMIP5: Mean state and future projections. J. Climate, 27, 2861−2885, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00437.1.
Wang, C. Z., L. P. Zhang, S.-K. Lee, L. X. Wu, and C. R. Mechoso, 2014: A global perspective on CMIP5 climate model biases. Nature Climate Change, 4, 201−205, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2118.
Wu, F. H., H. L. Liu, W. Li, and X. H. Zhang, 2005: Effects of adjusting vertical resolution on the eastern equatorial Pacific cold tongue. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 24, 16−27.
Xiao, C., 2006: Adoption of a two-step shape-preserving advection scheme in an OGCM and its coupled experiment. M.S. thesis, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 89 pp. (in Chinese)
Yu, L. S., X. Z. Jin, and R. A. Weller, 2008: Multidecade global flux datasets from the Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) Project: Latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surface meteorological variables. OAFlux Project Technical Report (OA-2008-01), 64 pp.
Yu, Y. Q., R. C. Yu, X. H. Zhang, and H. L. Liu, 2002: A flexible coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 19, 169−190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-002-0042-8.
Yu, Y. Q., X. H. Zhang, and Y. F. Guo, 2004: Global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models in LASG/IAP. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 444, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915571.
Yu, Y. Q., W. P. Zheng, B. Wang, H. L. Liu, and J. P. Liu, 2011: Versions g1.0 and g1.1 of the LASG/IAP flexible global ocean-atmosphere-land system model. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 99−117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9112-5.
Yu, Y. Q., H. L. Liu, and P. F. Lin, 2012: A quasi-global 1/10° eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model and its preliminary results. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57, 3908−3916, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5234-8.
Yu, Y. Q., S. L. Tang, H. L. Liu, P. F. Lin, and X. L. LI, 2018: Development and evaluation of the dynamic framework of an ocean general circulation model with arbitrary orthogonal curvilinear coordinate. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 42, 877−889, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1805.17284. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang, X. H., and X. Z. Liang, 1989: A numerical world ocean general circulation model. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 6, 44−61, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02656917.
Zhang, X. H., N. Bao, R. C. Yu, and W. Q. Wang, 1992: Coupling scheme experiments based on an atmospheric and an oceanic GCM. Chinese Journal Atmospheric Sciences, 16, 129−144. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zweng, M. M., and Coauthors, 2019: Salinity. Vol. 2, World Ocean Atlas 2018. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 82, 50 pp.