Black, E., M. Blackburn, G. Harrison, B. Hoskins, and J. Methven, 2004: Factors contributing to the summer 2003 European heatwave. Weather, 59, 217−223, https://doi.org/10.1256/wea.74.04. |
Chen, R. D., Z. P. Wen, R. Y. Lu, and C. Z. Wang, 2019: Causes of the extreme hot midsummer in central and South China during 2017: Role of the western Tropical Pacific warming. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 465−478, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8177-4. |
Deng, K. Q., S. Yang, M. F. Ting, P. Zhao, and Z. Y. Wang, 2019: Dominant modes of China summer heat waves driven by global sea surface temperature and atmospheric internal variability. J. Climate, 32, 3761−3775, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0256.1. |
Fischer, E. M., and R. Knutti, 2015: Anthropogenic contribution to global occurrence of heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes. Nature Climate Change, 5, 560−564, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2617. |
Fischer, E. M., S. Sippel, and R. Knutti, 2021: Increasing probability of record-shattering climate extremes. Nature Climate Change, 11, 689−695, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01092-9. |
Folland, C. K., J. Knight, H. W. Linderholm, D. Fereday, S. Ineson, and J. W. Hurrell, 2009: The summer North Atlantic Oscillation: Past, present, and future. J. Climate, 22(5), 1082−1103, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2459.1. |
Gessner, C., E. M. Fischer, U. Beyerle, and R. Knutti, 2021: Very rare heat extremes: Quantifying and understanding using ensemble reinitialization. J. Climate, 34, 6619−6634, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0916.1. |
Gillett, N. P., and Coauthors, 2016: The detection and attribution model intercomparison project (DAMIP v1.0) contribution to CMIP6. Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 3685−3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3685-2016. |
Horton, D. E., N. C. Johnson, D. Singh, D. L. Swain, B. Rajaratnam, and N. S. Diffenbaugh, 2015: Contribution of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns to extreme temperature trends. Nature, 522, 465−469, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14550. |
IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 1535 pp. |
IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. |
Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437−472, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2. |
Kim, B.-M., S.-W. Son, S.-K. Min, J.-H. Jeong, S.-J. Kim, X. D. Zhang, T. Shim, and J.-H. Yoon, 2014: Weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex by Arctic sea-ice loss. Nature Communications, 5, 4646, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5646. |
Lau, N.-C., and M. J. Nath, 2012: A model study of heat waves over North America: Meteorological aspects and projections for the twenty-first century. J. Climate, 25, 4761−4784, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00575.1. |
Li, J. P., and C. Q. Ruan, 2018: The North Atlantic–Eurasian teleconnection in summer and its effects on Eurasian climates. Environmental Research Letters, 13, 024007, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9d33. |
Li, J. P., F. Zheng, C. Sun, J. Feng, and J. Wang, 2019: Pathways of influence of the northern Hemisphere Mid-high latitudes on East Asian Climate: A review. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 902−921, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-8236-5. |
Ma, S. M., T. J. Zhou, D. A. Stone, O. Angélil, and H. Shiogama, 2017: Attribution of the July–August 2013 heat event in Central and Eastern China to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental Research Letters, 12(5), 054020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa69d2. |
Menne, M. J., I. Durre, R. S. Vose, B. E. Gleason, and T. G. Houston, 2012: An overview of the global historical climatology network-daily database. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 29, 897−910, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1. |
Nakamura, T., K. Yamazaki, K. Iwamoto, M. Honda, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Ogawa, and J. Ukita, 2015: A negative phase shift of the winter AO/NAO due to the recent Arctic sea-ice reduction in late autumn. J. Geophys. Res., 120, 3209−3227, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022848. |
Overland, J. E., 2021: Causes of the record-breaking Pacific Northwest Heatwave, Late June 2021. Atmosphere, 12(11), 1434, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111434. |
Peings, Y., and G. Magnusdottir, 2014: Response of the wintertime northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation to current and projected Arctic Sea Ice Decline: A numerical study with CAM5. J. Climate, 27, 244−264, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00272.1. |
Perkins, S. E., L. V. Alexander, and J. R. Nairn, 2012: Increasing frequency, intensity and duration of observed global heatwaves and warm spells. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20714, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053361. |
Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., and S. C. Lewis, 2020: Increasing trends in regional heatwaves. Nature Communications, 11, 3357, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16970-7. |
Philip, S. Y., and Coauthors, 2022: Rapid attribution analysis of the extraordinary heatwave on the Pacific coast of the US and Canada June 2021. Earth System Dynamics, |
Ramamurthy, P., J. González, L. Ortiz, M. Arend, and F. Moshary, 2017: Impact of heatwave on a megacity: An observational analysis of New York City during July 2016. Environmental Research Letters, 12, 054011, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6e59. |
Reynolds, R. W., T. M. Smith, C. Y. Liu, D. B. Chelton, K. S. Casey, and M. G. Schlax, 2007: Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 20, 5473−5496, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1824.1. |
Seong, M.-G., S.-K. Min, Y.-H. Kim, X.-B. Zhang, and Y. Sun, 2021: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas and aerosol contributions to extreme temperature changes during 1951−2015. J. Climate, 34, 857−870, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-1023.1. |
Stott, P. A., D. A. Stone, and M. R. Allen, 2004: Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003. Nature, 432, 610−614, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03089. |
Sturaro, G. 2003: A closer look at the climatological discontinuities present in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis temperature due to the introduction of satellite data. Climate Dyn., 21, 309−316. |
Takaya, K., and H. Nakamura, 2001: A formulation of a phase-independent wave-activity flux for stationary and migratory quasigeostrophic eddies on a zonally varying basic flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 608−627, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0608:AFOAPI>2.0.CO;2. |
Wang, B., B. Q. Xiang, and J. Y. Lee, 2013: Subtropical high predictability establishes a promising way for monsoon and tropical storm predictions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 2718−2722, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214626110. |
Wang, C. Z., Y. L. Yao, H. L. Wang, X. B. Sun, and J. Y. Zheng, 2021: The 2020 summer floods and 2020/21 winter extreme cold surges in China and the 2020 typhoon season in the western North Pacific. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 38, 896−904, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1094-y. |
Wang, J., Y. Chen, S. F. B. Tett, Z. W. Yan, P. M. Zhai, J. M. Feng, and J. J. Xia, 2020: Anthropogenically-driven increases in the risks of summertime compound hot extremes. Nature Communications, 11, 528, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14233-8. |
Wang, P. Y., J. P. Tang, X. G. Sun, S. Y. Wang, J. Wu, X. N. Dong, and J. Fang, 2017: Heat waves in China: Definitions, leading patterns, and connections to large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs. J. Geophys. Res., 122, 10 679−10 699. |
Wu, Z. W., H. Lin, J. P. Li, Z. H. Jiang, and T. T. Ma, 2012: Heat wave frequency variability over North America: Two distinct leading modes. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016908. |
Zheng, J. Y., and C. Z. Wang, 2019: Hot summers in the northern Hemisphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 10 891−10 900. |
Zhou, G. D., 2019: Atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies in the mid-latitude oceans: A brief review. Atmosphere-Ocean, 57(5), 319−328, https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2019.1702499. |