Barnston, A. G., and R. E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, seasonality and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1083−1126, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:CSAPOL>2.0.CO;2.
Chen, H. P., and H. J. Wang, 2015: Haze days in North China and the associated atmospheric circulations based on daily visibility data from 1960 to 2012. J. Geophys. Res., 120, 5895−5909, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023225.
Chen, M. Y., P. P. Xie, J. E. Janowiak, and P. A. Arkin, 2002: Global land precipitation: A 50-yr monthly analysis based on gauge observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 3, 249−266, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0249:GLPAYM>2.0.CO;2.
Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553−597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828.
Ding, Y. H., and Y. J. Liu, 2014: Analysis of long-term variations of fog and haze in China in recent 50 years and their relations with atmospheric humidity. Science China Earth Sciences, 57, 36−46, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-013-4792-1.
Gao, M., P. Sherman, S. J. Song, Y. Y. Yu, Z. W. Wu, and M. B. McElroy, 2019: Seasonal prediction of Indian wintertime aerosol pollution using the ocean memory effect. Science Advances, 5, eaav4157, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4157.
He, C., R. Liu, X. M. Wang, S. C. Liu, T. J. Zhou, and W. H. Liao, 2019a: How does El Niño-southern Oscillation modulate the interannual variability of winter haze days over eastern China? Science of the Total Environment, 651, 1892−1902, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.100.
He, L. J., A. W. Lin, X. X. Chen, H. Zhou, Z. G. Zhou, and P. P. He, 2019b: Assessment of MERRA-2 surface PM2.5 over the Yangtze River Basin: Ground-based verification, spatiotemporal distribution and meteorological dependence. Remote Sensing, 11, 460, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040460.
He, S. P., and H. J. Wang, 2012: An integrated East Asian winter monsoon index and its interannual variability. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 36, 523−538, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.11083. (in Chinese with English abstract
Honda, M., J. Inoue, and S. Yamane, 2009: Influence of low Arctic sea-ice minima on anomalously cold Eurasian winters. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037079.
Hsu, H. H., and S. M. Lin, 2007: Asymmetry of the tripole rainfall pattern during the East Asian summer. J. Climate, 20, 4443−4458, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4246.1.
Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437−472, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.
Sun, E. W., and Coauthors, 2019: Variation in MERRA-2 aerosol optical depth over the Yangtze River Delta from 1980 to 2016. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 136, 363−375, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2490-9.
Takaya, K., and H. Nakamura, 2001: A formulation of a phase-independent wave-activity flux for stationary and migratory quasigeostrophic eddies on a zonally varying basic flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 608−627, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0608:AFOAPI>2.0.CO;2.
Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the northern hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784−812, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<0784:TITGHF>2.0.CO;2.
Wang, H. J., and D. B. Jiang, 2004: A new East Asian winter monsoon intensity index and atmospheric circulation comparison between strong and weak composite. Quaternary Sciences, 24, 19−27, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2004.01.003. (in Chinese with English abstract
Wang, H. J., and H. P. Chen, 2016: Understanding the recent trend of haze pollution in eastern China: Roles of climate change. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 4205−4211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016.
Wang, X. M., X. G. Sun, J. P. Tang, and X. Q. Yang, 2015: Urbanization-induced regional warming in Yangtze River Delta: Potential role of anthropogenic heat release. International Journal of Climatology, 35, 4417−4430, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4296.
Wang, Y., L. Yao, Z. Liu, D. Ji, L. Wang, and J. Zhang, 2013: Formation of haze pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and their control strategies. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 28, 353−363, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-3045.2013.03.009. (in Chinese with English abstract
Xie, P. P., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539−2558, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2.
Yang, Y., H. Liao, and S. J. Lou, 2016: Increase in winter haze over eastern China in recent decades: Roles of variations in meteorological parameters and anthropogenic emissions. J. Geophys. Res., 121, 13 050−13 065, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025136.
Yin, Z. C., and H. J. Wang, 2016: The relationship between the subtropical western Pacific SST and haze over North-Central North China Plain. International Journal of Climatology, 36, 3479−3491, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4570.
Yin, Z. C., and Y. J. Zhang, 2020: Climate anomalies contributed to the rebound of PM2.5 in winter 2018 under intensified regional air pollution preventions. Science of the Total Environment, 726, 138514, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138514.
Yin, Z. C., H. J. Wang, and H. P. Chen, 2017: Understanding severe winter haze events in the North China Plain in 2014: Roles of climate anomalies. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 1641−1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1641-2017.
Yu, X. N., B. Zhu, Y. Yin, S. X. Fan, and A. J. Chen, 2011: Seasonal variation of columnar aerosol optical properties in Yangtze River Delta in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1326−1335, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-011-0158-9.
Zhang, X. Y., X. D. Xu, Y. H. Ding, Y. J. Liu, H. D. Zhang, Y. Q. Wang, and J. T. Zhong, 2019: The impact of meteorological changes from 2013 to 2017 on PM2.5 mass reduction in key regions in China. Science China Earth Sciences, 62, 1885−1902, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-019-9343-3.
Zhang, Y., A. J. Ding, H. T. Mao, W. Nie, D. R. Zhou, L. X. Liu, X. Huang, and C. B. Fu, 2016: Impact of synoptic weather patterns and inter-decadal climate variability on air quality in the North China Plain during 1980−2013. Atmos. Environ., 124, 119−128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.063.
Zhao, Q. Y., G. F. Shen, L. Li, F. Chen, Y. Z. Qiao, C. Y. Li, Q. Liu, and J. Z. Han, 2017: Ambient particles (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0) and PM2.5 chemical components in western Yangtze River Delta (YRD): An overview of data from 1-year online continuous monitoring at Nanjing. Aerosol Science and Engineering, 1, 107−118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-017-0011-3.
Zhong, W. G., Z. C. Yin, and H. J. Wang, 2019: The relationship between anticyclonic anomalies in northeastern Asia and severe haze in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 5941−5957, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019.