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Volume 6 Issue 4

Oct.  1989

Article Contents

The Kinetic Energy Budget and Circulation Characteristics of the Tropical Storm Irma during AMEX Phase II


doi: 10.1007/BF02659076

  • By using the data from observation on the Chinese research vessel Xiang Yang Hong No.5 and other sources during AMEX phase II, the kinetic energy budget and circulation characteristics of the tropical storm Irma were analyzed.Irma formed on the ITCZ of the Southern Hemisphere. During the formative stage of the storm, the SE trades and monsoon westerlies on both sides of the ITCZ strengthened, and more importantly, there was a strong divergent flow in upper troposphere. These contributed to the intensification of Irma. At the time when Irma formed, the Richardson number (Ri) in middle and lower troposphere was much smaller than that prior to and post the formation.When Irma intensified rapidly, the area-averaged kinetic energy in the general flow increased in the whole troposphere . The largest contribution came from kinetic energy generation term, -[v.(?)(?)] .indicates that there existed a strong ageostrophic accetration. As to the generation term , the conversion of available potential energy to kinetic energy, - |ωα|, made the largest contribution. This illustrates the importance of internal sources and of the ensemble effect of cumulus convection to the kinetic energy.To the increase of area-averaged eddy kinetic energy during the rapid intensification of Irma, the most impor tant source in the whole troposphere was the dissipation term - [E'], that should be interpreted as the. feeding of eddy kinetic energy from smaller to larger scale disturbances. Another important source was generation term, - [v' (?)(?)'], in the lower troposphere. Rather small contribution came from the energy conversion from the kinetic energy of area-mean flow to eddy kinetic energy. Therefore, the eddy kinetic energy of the developing tropical disturbance extracted both from smaller an, .arger scale motions. The former was much more important than the latter In addition, the disturbance acting as a generator and exporter, generated and exported eddy kinetic energy to the environmental atmosphere.
  • [1] Xin QUAN, Xiaofan LI, 2023: Kinetic Energy Budgets during the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Rammasun (2014), ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 78-94.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2060-z
    [2] QIAN Yu-Kun, LIANG Chang-Xia, LIANG Qiaoqian, LIN Liangxun, YUAN Zhuojian, 2011: On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial-Vertical Circulation within Vortices. Part II: The Transformation of Tropical Storm Haima (2004), ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1143-1158.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0060-x
    [3] Qiu Yongyan, 1993: On the Seasonal Transition and the Interannual Variability in Global Kinetic Energy at 500 hPa, Accompanied with Anomalies of Energy during the 1982 / 83 ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 10, 248-256.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919148
    [4] ZUO Qunjie, GAO Shouting, LU Daren, 2012: Kinetic and Available Potential Energy Transport during the Stratospheric Sudden Warming in January 2009, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 1343-1359.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1198-5
    [5] D.R. Chakraborty, N.K. Agarwal, 1996: Role of Triad Kinetic Energy Interactions for Maintenance of Upper Tropospheric Low Frequency Waves during Summer Monsoon 1988, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 13, 91-102.  doi: 10.1007/BF02657030
    [6] Shou Shaowen, Li Shenshen, 1991: Diagnosis of Kinetic Energy Balance of a Decaying Onland Typhoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 8, 479-488.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919270
    [7] Runkua Yang, J. Shukla, P.J. Sellers, 1994: The Influence of Changes in Vegetation Type on the Surface Energy Budget, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 11, 139-161.  doi: 10.1007/BF02666542
    [8] ZUO Qunjie, GAO Shouting, and LÜ Daren, 2014: Eddy Kinetic Energy Study of the Snowstorm over Southern China in January 2008, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 972-984.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3122-z
    [9] DENG Shumei, CHEN Yuejuan, HUANG Yong, LUO Tao, BI Yun, 2011: Transient Characteristics of Residual Meridional Circulation during Stratospheric Sudden Warming, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 551-563.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0010-7
    [10] ZHANG Shuwen, QIU Chongjian, ZHANG Weidong, 2004: Estimating Heat Fluxes by Merging Profile Formulae and the Energy Budget with a Variational Technique, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 627-636.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915730
    [11] YANG Kun, Toshio KOIKE, 2008: Satellite Monitoring of the Surface Water and Energy Budget in the Central Tibetan Plateau, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 974-985.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0974-8
    [12] FU Shenming, SUN Jianhua, ZHAO Sixiong, LI Wanli, 2011: The Energy Budget of a Southwest Vortex With Heavy Rainfall over South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 709-724.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0026-z
    [13] Junchen YAO, Xiangwen LIU, Tongwen WU, Jinghui YAN, Qiaoping LI, Weihua JIE, 2023: Progress of MJO Prediction at CMA from Phase I to Phase II of the Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1799-1815.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2351-z
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    [16] Xu Jianjun, Zhu Qiangen, Zhou Tiehan, 1998: Monsoon Circulation Related to ENSO Phase-Locking, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 15, 267-276.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0045-1
    [17] YUE Ping, ZHANG Qiang, WANG Runyuan, LI Yaohui, WANG Sheng, 2015: Turbulence Intensity and Turbulent Kinetic Energy Parameters over a Heterogeneous Terrain of Loess Plateau, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1291-1302.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-4258-9
    [18] Xiuping YAO, Ruoying LI, Xiaohong BAO, Qiaohua LIU, 2024: Diagnosis of the Kinetic Energy of the “21·7” Extreme Torrential Rainfall Event in Henan Province, China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 73-83.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3025-6
    [19] Tae-Won PARK, Jee-Hoon JEONG, Chang-Hoi HO, Seong-Joong KIM, 2008: Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Cold Surge Occurrences in East Asia: A Case Study During 2005/06 Winter, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 791-804.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0791-0
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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 October 1989
Manuscript revised: 10 October 1989
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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The Kinetic Energy Budget and Circulation Characteristics of the Tropical Storm Irma during AMEX Phase II

  • 1. Academy of Meteorological Science, SMA, Beijing 100081,Academy of Meteorological Science, SMA, Beijing 100081,Academy of Meteorological Science, SMA, Beijing 100081

Abstract: By using the data from observation on the Chinese research vessel Xiang Yang Hong No.5 and other sources during AMEX phase II, the kinetic energy budget and circulation characteristics of the tropical storm Irma were analyzed.Irma formed on the ITCZ of the Southern Hemisphere. During the formative stage of the storm, the SE trades and monsoon westerlies on both sides of the ITCZ strengthened, and more importantly, there was a strong divergent flow in upper troposphere. These contributed to the intensification of Irma. At the time when Irma formed, the Richardson number (Ri) in middle and lower troposphere was much smaller than that prior to and post the formation.When Irma intensified rapidly, the area-averaged kinetic energy in the general flow increased in the whole troposphere . The largest contribution came from kinetic energy generation term, -[v.(?)(?)] .indicates that there existed a strong ageostrophic accetration. As to the generation term , the conversion of available potential energy to kinetic energy, - |ωα|, made the largest contribution. This illustrates the importance of internal sources and of the ensemble effect of cumulus convection to the kinetic energy.To the increase of area-averaged eddy kinetic energy during the rapid intensification of Irma, the most impor tant source in the whole troposphere was the dissipation term - [E'], that should be interpreted as the. feeding of eddy kinetic energy from smaller to larger scale disturbances. Another important source was generation term, - [v' (?)(?)'], in the lower troposphere. Rather small contribution came from the energy conversion from the kinetic energy of area-mean flow to eddy kinetic energy. Therefore, the eddy kinetic energy of the developing tropical disturbance extracted both from smaller an, .arger scale motions. The former was much more important than the latter In addition, the disturbance acting as a generator and exporter, generated and exported eddy kinetic energy to the environmental atmosphere.

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