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Volume 6 Issue 3

Jul.  1989

Article Contents

Temperatures and Winds over Tropical Middle Atmosphere during Two Contrasting Summer Monsoons, 1975 and 1979


doi: 10.1007/BF02661538

  • Using the monthly geopotential heights and winds for 700 and 200 hPa for India during July and August, and the weekly M-100 Soviet rocketsonde temperature and wind data for Thumba (8.5oN, 76.9oE) during the last week of June and the first week of September for the two contrasting summer monsoon years 1975 (a very strong monsoon year) and 1979 (a very weak monsoon year), a study has been made to examine the mean circulation features of the troposphere over India, and the structures of the temperatures and the winds of the middle atmosphere over Thumba. The study suggested that the axis of the monsoon trough (AMT) at 700 hPa shifted southward in 1975 and northward towards the foothills of the Himalayas in 1979, from its normal position. Superimposed on the low-pressure area (AMT) at 700 hPa, a well-defined divergence was noticed at 200 hPa over the northern India in 1975.The mean temperatures, at 25,50 and 60 km (middle atmosphere) over Thumba were cooler in 1975 than in 1979. While a cooling trend in 1975 and warming trend in 1979 were observed at 25 and 50 km, a reversed picture was noticed at 60 km. There was a weak easterly/ westerly (weak westerly phase) zonal wind in 1975 and a strong easterly zonal wind in 1979. A phase reversal of the zonal wind was observed at 50 km. A tentative physical mechanism was offered, in terms of upward propagation of the two equatorially trapped planetary waves i.e. the Kelvin and the mixed Rossby-gravity waves, to explain the occurrence of the two spells of strong warmings in the mesosphere in 1975.
  • [1] Ding Yihui, T. Iwashima, T. Murakami, 1985: TEMPERATURE CHANGES OVER EURASIA DURING THE LATE SUMMER OF 1979, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2, 200-214.  doi: 10.1007/BF03179752
    [2] He Jinhai, T. Murakami, T. Nakazawa, 1987: ENERGY BALANCE IN 40-50 DAY PERIODIC OSCILLATION OVER THE ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON REGION DURING THE 1979 SUMMER, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 4, 66-73.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656662
    [3] Y. BHAVANI KUMAR, C. NAGESWARA RAJU, M. KRISHNAIAH, 2006: Indo-Japanese Lidar Observations of the Tropical Middle Atmosphere During 1998 and 1999, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 711-725.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0711-0
    [4] P. N. Mahajan, V. R. Mujumdar, S. P. Ghanekar, 1986: THE BURST OF INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON AS REVEALED BY GOES SATELLITE DURING MONEX 1979, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 3, 514-519.  doi: 10.1007/BF02657941
    [5] Wei HAN, Cunde XIAO, Tingfeng DOU, Minghu DING, 2018: Changes in the Proportion of Precipitation Occurring as Rain in Northern Canada during Spring-Summer from 1979-2015, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 1129-1136.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7226-3
    [6] ZHANG Ran, JIANG Dabang, ZHANG Zhongshi, 2015: Causes of Mid-Pliocene Strengthened Summer and Weakened Winter Monsoons over East Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1016-1026.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4183-3
    [7] Feng Zhiqiang, Elmar R.Reiter, Chen Longxun, 1985: THE ATMOSPHERIC HEAT BUDGET OVER THE WESTERN PART OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING MONEX, 1979, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2, 455-468.  doi: 10.1007/BF02678744
    [8] CHEN Guanghua, 2011: A Comparison of Precipitation Distribution of Two Landfalling Tropical Cyclones during the Extratropical Transition, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1390-1404.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0148-y
    [9] Sining LING, Riyu LU, 2022: Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific Strengthen the East Asia–Pacific Pattern during Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 249-259.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1171-2
    [10] Chunguang CUI, Xiquan DONG, Bin WANG, Hao YANG, 2021: Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment (IMFRE-II) over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in 2020, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 346-356.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0262-9
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    [13] LU Daren, YI Fan, XU Jiyao, 2004: Advances in Studies of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere and Their Coupling with the Lower Atmosphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 361-368.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915564
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    [15] Qian WEI, Jianhua SUN, Shenming FU, Yuanchun ZHANG, Xiaofang WANG, 2024: Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Rainfall over Different Terrain Features in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin during the Warm Seasons of 2016–20, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3034-5
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    [20] HUANG Ronghui, CHEN Wen, YANG Bangliang, ZHANG Renhe, 2004: Recent Advances in Studies of the Interaction between the East Asian Winter and Summer Monsoons and ENSO Cycle, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 407-424.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915568

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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 July 1989
Manuscript revised: 10 July 1989
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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Temperatures and Winds over Tropical Middle Atmosphere during Two Contrasting Summer Monsoons, 1975 and 1979

  • 1. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411 005, India,Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411 005, India,Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411 005, India,Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411 005, India

Abstract: Using the monthly geopotential heights and winds for 700 and 200 hPa for India during July and August, and the weekly M-100 Soviet rocketsonde temperature and wind data for Thumba (8.5oN, 76.9oE) during the last week of June and the first week of September for the two contrasting summer monsoon years 1975 (a very strong monsoon year) and 1979 (a very weak monsoon year), a study has been made to examine the mean circulation features of the troposphere over India, and the structures of the temperatures and the winds of the middle atmosphere over Thumba. The study suggested that the axis of the monsoon trough (AMT) at 700 hPa shifted southward in 1975 and northward towards the foothills of the Himalayas in 1979, from its normal position. Superimposed on the low-pressure area (AMT) at 700 hPa, a well-defined divergence was noticed at 200 hPa over the northern India in 1975.The mean temperatures, at 25,50 and 60 km (middle atmosphere) over Thumba were cooler in 1975 than in 1979. While a cooling trend in 1975 and warming trend in 1979 were observed at 25 and 50 km, a reversed picture was noticed at 60 km. There was a weak easterly/ westerly (weak westerly phase) zonal wind in 1975 and a strong easterly zonal wind in 1979. A phase reversal of the zonal wind was observed at 50 km. A tentative physical mechanism was offered, in terms of upward propagation of the two equatorially trapped planetary waves i.e. the Kelvin and the mixed Rossby-gravity waves, to explain the occurrence of the two spells of strong warmings in the mesosphere in 1975.

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