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Volume 20 Issue 5

Sep.  2003

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2003 >  20(5): 711-725

Dependence of Hurricane Intensity and Structures on Vertical Resolution and Time-Step Size

  • 1.

    Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742 USA,Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742 USA


doi: 10.1007/BF02915397

  • In view of the growing interests in the explicit modeling of clouds and precipitation, the effects of varyingvertical resolution and time-step sizes on the 72-h explicit simulation of Hurricane Andrew (1992) arestudied using the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR)mesoscale model (i.e., MMS) with the finest grid size of 6 km. It is shown that changing vertical resolutionand time-step size has significant effects on hurricane intensity and inner-core cloud/precipitation, butlittle impact on the hurricane track. In general, increasing vertical resolution tends to produce a deeperstorm with lower central pressure and stronger three-dimensional winds, and more precipitation. Similareffects, but to a less extent, occur when the time-step size is reduced. It is found that increasing thelow-level vertical resolution is more efficient in intensifying a hurricane, whereas changing the upper-levelvertical resolution has little impact on the hurricane intensity. Moreover, the use of a thicker surface layertends to produce higher maximum surface winds. It is concluded that the use of higher vertical resolution,a thin surface layer, and smaller time-step sizes, along with higher horizontal resolution, is desirable tomodel more realistically the intensity and inner-core structures and evolution of tropical storms as well asthe other convectively driven weather systems.
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    [2] Tong ZHU, Da-Lin ZHANG, 2006: The Impact of the Storm-Induced SST Cooling on Hurricane Intensity, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 14-22.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0002-9
    [3] Jianhua LU, 2021: Chen-Chao Koo and the Early Numerical Weather Prediction Experiments in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 707-716.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0268-y
    [4] XUE Jishan, 2004: Progresses of Researches on Numerical Weather Prediction in China: 1999-2002, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 467-474.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915573
    [5] Guifu ZHANG, Vivek N. MAHALE, Bryan J. PUTNAM, Youcun QI, Qing CAO, Andrew D. BYRD, Petar BUKOVCIC, Dusan S. ZRNIC, Jidong GAO, Ming XUE, Youngsun JUNG, Heather D. REEVES, Pamela L. HEINSELMAN, Alexander RYZHKOV, Robert D. PALMER, Pengfei ZHANG, Mark WEBER, Greg M. MCFARQUHAR, Berrien MOORE III, Yan ZHANG, Jian ZHANG, J. VIVEKANANDAN, Yasser AL-RASHID, Richard L. ICE, Daniel S. BERKOWITZ, Chong-chi TONG, Caleb FULTON, Richard J. DOVIAK, 2019: Current Status and Future Challenges of Weather Radar Polarimetry: Bridging the Gap between Radar Meteorology/Hydrology/Engineering and Numerical Weather Prediction, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 571-588.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8172-4
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 September 2003
    Manuscript revised: 10 September 2003
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Dependence of Hurricane Intensity and Structures on Vertical Resolution and Time-Step Size

    • 1. Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742 USA,Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742 USA
    • Manuscript received: 2003-09-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2003-09-10

    Abstract: In view of the growing interests in the explicit modeling of clouds and precipitation, the effects of varyingvertical resolution and time-step sizes on the 72-h explicit simulation of Hurricane Andrew (1992) arestudied using the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR)mesoscale model (i.e., MMS) with the finest grid size of 6 km. It is shown that changing vertical resolutionand time-step size has significant effects on hurricane intensity and inner-core cloud/precipitation, butlittle impact on the hurricane track. In general, increasing vertical resolution tends to produce a deeperstorm with lower central pressure and stronger three-dimensional winds, and more precipitation. Similareffects, but to a less extent, occur when the time-step size is reduced. It is found that increasing thelow-level vertical resolution is more efficient in intensifying a hurricane, whereas changing the upper-levelvertical resolution has little impact on the hurricane intensity. Moreover, the use of a thicker surface layertends to produce higher maximum surface winds. It is concluded that the use of higher vertical resolution,a thin surface layer, and smaller time-step sizes, along with higher horizontal resolution, is desirable tomodel more realistically the intensity and inner-core structures and evolution of tropical storms as well asthe other convectively driven weather systems.

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