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Seasonal Characteristics of Precipitation in 1998 over East Asia as Derived from TRMM PR


doi: 10.1007/BF02915495

  • Precipitation radar data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satelliteare used to study precipitation characteristics in 1998 over East Asia (10°-38°N, 100°-145°E), especiallyover mid-latitude land (continental land) and ocean (East China Sea and South China Sea). Results arecompared with precipitations in the tropics. Yearly statistics show dominant stratiform rain events overEast Asia (about 83.7% by area fraction) contributing to 50% of the total precipitation. Deep convectiverains contribute 48% to the total precipitation with a 13.7% area fraction. The statistics also show theunimportance of warm convective rain in East Asia, contributing 1.5% to the total precipitation with a2.7% area fraction. On a seasonal scale, the results indicate that the rainfall ratio of stratiform rain todeep convective rain is proportional to their rainfall pixel ratio. Seasonal precipitation patterns comparewell between Global Precipitation Climatology Project rainfall and TRMM PR measurements except insummer. Studies indicate a clear opposite shift of rainfall amount and events between deep convective andstratiform rains in the meridional in East Asia, which corresponds to the alternative activities of summermonsoon and winter monsoon in the region. The vertical structures of precipitation also exhibit strongseasonal variability in precipitation Contoured Rainrate by Altitude Diagrams (CRADs) and mean profilesin the mid-latitudes of East Asia. However, these structures in the South China Sea are of a tropical typeexcept in winter. The analysis of CRADs reveals a wide range of surface rainfall rates for most deepconvective rains, especially in the continental land, and light rain rate for most stratiform rains in EastAsia, regardless of over land or ocean.
  • [1] Yilun CHEN, Aoqi ZHANG, Yunfei FU, Shumin CHEN, Weibiao LI, 2021: Morphological Characteristics of Precipitation Areas over the Tibetan Plateau Measured by TRMM PR, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 677-689.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0233-1
    [2] LI Rui, FU Yunfei, 2005: Tropical Precipitation Estimated by GPCP and TRMM PR Observations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 852-864.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918685
    [3] Aoqi ZHANG, Weibiao LI, Shumin CHEN, Yilun CHEN, Yunfei FU, 2021: Satellite Observations of Reflectivity Maxima above the Freezing Level Induced by Terrain, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 627-640.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0221-5
    [4] Peter CHU, CHEN Yuchun, Akira KUNINAKA, 2005: Seasonal Variability of the Yellow Sea/East China Sea Surface Fluxes and Thermohaline Structure, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 1-20.  doi: 10.1007/BF02930865
    [5] Cheng Minghu, He Huizhong, Mao Dongyan, Qi Yanjun, Cui Zhehu, Zhou Fengxian, 2001: Study of 1998 Heavy Rainfall over the Yangtze River Basin Using TRMM Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 387-396.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919317
    [6] Yali LUO, Weimiao QIAN, Yu GONG, Hongyan WANG, Da-Lin ZHANG, 2016: Ground-Based Radar Reflectivity Mosaic of Mei-yu Precipitation Systems over the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Basins, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1285-1296.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6022-1
    [7] Boyin Huang, Zhengyu Liu, 2002: An OGCM Simulation of Seasonal and lnterannual Variabilities in the Surface-Layer Pacific of the Equatorial Band, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 219-235.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0018-8
    [8] Hailong LIU, Pingxiang Chu, Yao Meng, Mengrong DING, Pengfei LIN, Ruiqiang Ding, Pengfei Wang, Weipeng ZHENG, 2024: The Predictability Limit of Oceanic Mesoscale Eddy Tracks in the South China Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-024-3250-7
    [9] Leilei KOU, Zhuihui WANG, Fen XU, 2018: Three-dimensional Fusion of Spaceborne and Ground Radar Reflectivity Data Using a Neural Network-Based Approach, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 346-359.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-6334-9
    [10] Xiao PAN, Yunfei FU, Sen YANG, Ying GONG, Deqin LI, 2021: Diurnal Variations of Precipitation over the Steep Slopes of the Himalayas Observed by TRMM PR and VIRS, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 641-660.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0246-9
    [11] XU Zhifang, GE Wenzhong, DANG Renqing, Toshio IGUCHI, Takao TAKADA, 2003: Application of TRMM/PR Data for Numerical Simulations with Mesoscale Model MM5, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 185-193.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-003-0003-x
    [12] JIN Xin, LI Wanbiao, ZHU Yuanjing, 2003: A Study on the Meiyu Front Using TRMM/PR Data during the 1998 GAME/HUBEX, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 293-298.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-003-0015-6
    [13] LI Xiangshu, GUO Xueliang, FU Danhong, 2013: TRMM-retrieved Cloud Structure and Evolution of MCSs over the Northern South China Sea and Impacts of CAPE and Vertical Wind Shear, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 77-88.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2055-2
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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 July 2003
Manuscript revised: 10 July 2003
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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Seasonal Characteristics of Precipitation in 1998 over East Asia as Derived from TRMM PR

  • 1. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026;LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, USA,School for Continuing Education, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026

Abstract: Precipitation radar data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satelliteare used to study precipitation characteristics in 1998 over East Asia (10°-38°N, 100°-145°E), especiallyover mid-latitude land (continental land) and ocean (East China Sea and South China Sea). Results arecompared with precipitations in the tropics. Yearly statistics show dominant stratiform rain events overEast Asia (about 83.7% by area fraction) contributing to 50% of the total precipitation. Deep convectiverains contribute 48% to the total precipitation with a 13.7% area fraction. The statistics also show theunimportance of warm convective rain in East Asia, contributing 1.5% to the total precipitation with a2.7% area fraction. On a seasonal scale, the results indicate that the rainfall ratio of stratiform rain todeep convective rain is proportional to their rainfall pixel ratio. Seasonal precipitation patterns comparewell between Global Precipitation Climatology Project rainfall and TRMM PR measurements except insummer. Studies indicate a clear opposite shift of rainfall amount and events between deep convective andstratiform rains in the meridional in East Asia, which corresponds to the alternative activities of summermonsoon and winter monsoon in the region. The vertical structures of precipitation also exhibit strongseasonal variability in precipitation Contoured Rainrate by Altitude Diagrams (CRADs) and mean profilesin the mid-latitudes of East Asia. However, these structures in the South China Sea are of a tropical typeexcept in winter. The analysis of CRADs reveals a wide range of surface rainfall rates for most deepconvective rains, especially in the continental land, and light rain rate for most stratiform rains in EastAsia, regardless of over land or ocean.

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