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Progress in the Study on the Formation of the Summertime Subtropical Anticyclone


doi: 10.1007/BF02915562

  • The studies in China on the formation of the summertime subtropical anticyclone on the climate timescale are reviewed. New insights in resent studies are introduced. It is stressed that either in the free atmosphere or in the planetary boundary, the descending arm of the Hadley cell cannot be considered as a mechanism for the formation of the subtropical anticyclone. Then the theories of thermal adaptation of the atmosphere to external thermal forcing and the potential vorticity forcing are developed to understand the formation of the subtropical anticyclone in the three-dimensional domain. Numerical experiments are designed to verify these theories. Results show that in the boreal summer, the formation of the strong South Asian High in the upper troposphere and the subtropical anticyclone over the western Pacific in the middle and lower troposphere is, to a great extent, due to the convective latent heating associated with the Asian monsoon, but affected by orography and the surface sensible heating over the continents.On the other hand, the formation of the subtropical anticyclone at the surface over the northern Pacific and in the upper troposphere over North America is mainly due to the strong surface sensible heating over North America, but affected by radiation cooling over the eastern North Pacific. Moreover, in the real atmosphere such individual thermal forcing is well organized. By considering the different diabatic heating in synthesis, a quadruple heating pattern is found over each subtropical continent and its adjacent oceans in summer. A distinct circulation pattern accompanies this heating pattern. The global summer subtropical heating and circulation may be viewed as "mosaics" of such quadruplet heating and circulation patterns respectively. At last, some important issues for further research in understanding and predicting the variations of the subtropical anticyclone are raised.
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    [2] Xiuping YAO, Qin ZHANG, Xiao ZHANG, 2020: Potential Vorticity Diagnostic Analysis on the Impact of the Easterlies Vortex on the Short-term Movement of the Subtropical Anticyclone over the Western Pacific in the Mei-yu Period, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 1019-1031.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9271-y
    [3] KUANG Xueyuan, ZHANG Yaocun, 2005: Seasonal Variation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Its Association with the Heating Field over East Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 831-840.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918683
    [4] Li Weiping, Theo Chidiezie Chineke, Liu Xin, Wu Guoxiong, 2001: Atmospheric Diabatic Heating and Summertime Circulation in Asia-Africa Area, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 257-269.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0018-0
    [5] Wang Huijun, 1997: The Effect of Heating Anomaly on the Asian Circulation-A GCM Experiment, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 81-86.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0046-5
    [6] Anmin DUAN, Ruizao SUN, Jinhai HE, 2017: Impact of Surface Sensible Heating over the Tibetan Plateau on the Western Pacific Subtropical High: A Land-Air-Sea Interaction Perspective, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 157-168.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6008-z
    [7] Yu ZHAO, Anmin DUAN, Guoxiong WU, 2018: Interannual Variability of Late-spring Circulation and Diabatic Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Associated with Indian Ocean Forcing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 927-941.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7217-4
    [8] LIU Huizhi, LIANG Bin, ZHU Fengrong, ZHANG Boyin, SANG Jianguo, 2004: Water-Tank Experiment on the Thermal Circulation Induced by the Bottom Heating in an Asymmetric Valley, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 536-546.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915721
    [9] Song Yang, Peter J. Webster, Min Dong, 1992: Longitudinal Heating Gradient: Another Possible Factor Influencing the Intensity of the Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 9, 397-410.  doi: 10.1007/BF02677073
    [10] LI Wei, CHEN Longxun, 2003: Characteristics of the Seasonal Variation of the Surface Total Heating over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surrounding Area in Summer 1998 and Its Relationship with the Convection over the Subtropical Area of the Western Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 343-348.  doi: 10.1007/BF02690792
    [11] He Jinhai, Zhou Bing, Wen Min, Li Feng, 2001: Vertical Circulation Structure, lnterannual Variation Features and Variation Mechanism of Western Pacific Subtropical High, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 497-510.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0040-2
    [12] Donald R. Johnson, Zhuojian Yuan, 1999: The Role of Diabatic Heating, Torques and Stabilities in Forcing the Radial-Vertical Circulation within Cyclones Part III: Case Study of Lee-side Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 31-63.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0003-6
    [13] Zhuojian Yuan, Donald R. Johnson, 1998: The Role of Diabatic Heating, Torques and Stabilities in Forcing the Radial-Vertical Circulation within Cyclones Part II: Case Study of Extratropical and Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 15, 447-488.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0026-4
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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 May 2004
Manuscript revised: 10 May 2004
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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Progress in the Study on the Formation of the Summertime Subtropical Anticyclone

  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

Abstract: The studies in China on the formation of the summertime subtropical anticyclone on the climate timescale are reviewed. New insights in resent studies are introduced. It is stressed that either in the free atmosphere or in the planetary boundary, the descending arm of the Hadley cell cannot be considered as a mechanism for the formation of the subtropical anticyclone. Then the theories of thermal adaptation of the atmosphere to external thermal forcing and the potential vorticity forcing are developed to understand the formation of the subtropical anticyclone in the three-dimensional domain. Numerical experiments are designed to verify these theories. Results show that in the boreal summer, the formation of the strong South Asian High in the upper troposphere and the subtropical anticyclone over the western Pacific in the middle and lower troposphere is, to a great extent, due to the convective latent heating associated with the Asian monsoon, but affected by orography and the surface sensible heating over the continents.On the other hand, the formation of the subtropical anticyclone at the surface over the northern Pacific and in the upper troposphere over North America is mainly due to the strong surface sensible heating over North America, but affected by radiation cooling over the eastern North Pacific. Moreover, in the real atmosphere such individual thermal forcing is well organized. By considering the different diabatic heating in synthesis, a quadruple heating pattern is found over each subtropical continent and its adjacent oceans in summer. A distinct circulation pattern accompanies this heating pattern. The global summer subtropical heating and circulation may be viewed as "mosaics" of such quadruplet heating and circulation patterns respectively. At last, some important issues for further research in understanding and predicting the variations of the subtropical anticyclone are raised.

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