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Volume 21 Issue 4

Jul.  2004

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2004 >  21(4): 617-626

Climate Variabilities of Sea Level around the Korean Peninsula

  • 1.

    Meteorological Research Institute, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul, Korea,Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Physique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris,Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea


doi: 10.1007/BF02915729

  • In order to study the climate variabilities of the sea level around the Korean Peninsula, tidal data observed at local stations in Korea were compared against those obtained using TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimetric sea level data. In the course of our study, the amount of sea level rise was estimated using the tidal data from 9 stations selected by an anomaly coherency analysis. The results indicated that the sea level has risen by 0.28 cm yr-1 around the Korean Peninsula over the past two decades. The extent of such a rise is about two times higher than that of the global increase (0.1-0.2 cm yr-1). However,because most global warming effects occurred mainly over mid- and high-latitudes, this level of change appears to be realistic. According to the spectral analysis (at a spectral window of k = 2, k is the number of subdivisions), the decadal band of sea level variability is computed at 30% of the energy. Its spectral peak is found at 12.8 years. In the interannual band, the predominant sea level variability is in the 1.4-1.9-year band, with a sharp peak at 1.6 years. A secondary peak, although marginal, has a period of 2.2years. Based on our estimates of sea level height from Topex/Poseidon, the quasi-biennial periodicity of 1.6 years is the representative interannual sea level variability in the seas adjacent to Korea. Trends vary greatly according to the geographical location, from a maximum of 1.0 cm yr-1 (the southern sector of the East Sea) to a minimum of 0.17 cm yr-1 (the northern sector of the East Sea). This is fairly consistent with the qualitative description already given with reference to the global map. As an analogue to the pattern seen in Korea, that of the Yellow Sea reveals practically the same trend as that of the adjacent seas (0.56 cm yr-1). However, in the case of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) data, there is no clear evidence of a linkage between the interannual sea level variability around the Korean Peninsula and ENSO.
  • [1] Yong-Hoon YOUN, Im Sang OH, Ki-Hyun KIM, Young-Hyang PARK, Jong Woo KIM, 2003: Validation of Sea Level Data in the East Asian Marginal Seas:Comparison between TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter and In-Situ Tide Gauges, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 650-660.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915508
    [2] HAN Guijun, LI Wei, HE Zhongjie, LIU Kexiu, MA Jirui, 2006: Assimilated Tidal Results of Tide Gauge and TOPEX/POSEIDON Data over the China Seas Using a Variational Adjoint Approach with a Nonlinear Numerical Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 449-460.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0449-8
    [3] Xinyi XING, Xianghui FANG, Da PANG, Chaopeng JI, 2024: Seasonal Variation of the Sea Surface Temperature Growth Rate of ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 465-477.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3005-x
    [4] LI Gang*, LI Chongyin, TAN Yanke, and BAI Tao, 2014: The Interdecadal Changes of South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid-1990s and Their Connections with ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 66-84.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2280-3
    [5] Ning JIANG, Congwen ZHU, 2021: Seasonal Forecast of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset Disturbed by Cold Tongue La Niña in the Past Decade, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 147-155.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0090-y
    [6] Yang AI, Ning JIANG, Weihong QIAN, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG, Yanying CHEN, 2022: Strengthened Regulation of the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon by the Northwest Indian Ocean Warming in the Past Decade, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 943-952.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1364-8
    [7] Yuanyuan YANG, Min ZHONG, Wei FENG, Dapeng MU, 2021: Detecting Regional Deep Ocean Warming below 2000 Meter Based on Altimetry, GRACE, Argo, and CTD Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1778-1790.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1049-3
    [8] WANG Zhiren, WU Dexing, CHEN Xue'en, QIAO Ran, 2013: ENSO Indices and Analyses, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1491-1506.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2238-x
    [9] Deliang CHEN, Anders OMSTEDT, 2005: Climate-Induced Variability of Sea Level in Stockholm: Influence of Air Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 655-664.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918709
    [10] Xiaofei WU, Jiangyu MAO, 2019: Decadal Changes in Interannual Dependence of the Bay of Bengal Summer Monsoon Onset on ENSO Modulated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1404-1416.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9043-8
    [11] Yuanhai FU, Zhongda LIN, Tao WANG, 2021: Simulated Relationship between Wintertime ENSO and East Asian Summer Rainfall: From CMIP3 to CMIP6, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 221-236.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0147-y
    [12] Yadi LI, Xichen LI, Juan FENG, Yi ZHOU, Wenzhu WANG, Yurong HOU, 2024: Uncertainties of ENSO-related Regional Hadley Circulation Anomalies within Eight Reanalysis Datasets, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 115-140.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3047-0
    [13] Zhou Tianjun, Yu Rucong, Li Zhaoxin, 2002: ENSO-Dependent and ENSO-Independent Variability over the Mid-Latitude North Pacific: Observation and Air-Sea Coupled Model Simulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 1127-1147.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0070-4
    [14] Jingrui YAN, Wenjun ZHANG, Suqiong HU, Feng JIANG, 2024: Different ENSO Impacts on Eastern China Precipitation Patterns in Early and Late Winter Associated with Seasonally-Varying Kuroshio Anticyclonic Anomalies, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3196-1
    [15] Peng HU, Wen CHEN, Shangfeng CHEN, Lin WANG, Yuyun LIU, 2022: The Weakening Relationship between ENSO and the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset in Recent Decades, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 443-455.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1208-6
    [16] ZHENG Fei, ZHU Jiang, Rong-Hua ZHANG, ZHOU Guangqing, 2006: Improved ENSO Forecasts by Assimilating Sea Surface Temperature Observations into an Intermediate Coupled Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 615-624.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0615-z
    [17] ZHOU Lian-Tong, Chi-Yung TAM, ZHOU Wen, Johnny C. L. CHAN, 2010: Influence of South China Sea SST and the ENSO on Winter Rainfall over South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 832-844.  doi: 10.1007/s00376--009-9102-7
    [18] FENG Juan*, CHEN Wen, 2014: Interference of the East Asian Winter Monsoon in the Impact of ENSO on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in Decaying Phases, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 344-354.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3118-8
    [19] Fei ZHENG, Jianping LI, Ruiqiang DING, 2017: Influence of the Preceding Austral Summer Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode on the Amplitude of ENSO Decay, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 1358-1379.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-6339-4
    [20] KANG Xianbiao, HUANG Ronghui, WANG Zhanggui, ZHANG Rong-Hua, 2014: Sensitivity of ENSO Variability to Pacific Freshwater Flux Adjustment in the Community Earth System Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1009-1021.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3232-2
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 July 2004
    Manuscript revised: 10 July 2004
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Climate Variabilities of Sea Level around the Korean Peninsula

    • 1. Meteorological Research Institute, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul, Korea,Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Physique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris,Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
    • Manuscript received: 2004-07-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2004-07-10

    Abstract: In order to study the climate variabilities of the sea level around the Korean Peninsula, tidal data observed at local stations in Korea were compared against those obtained using TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimetric sea level data. In the course of our study, the amount of sea level rise was estimated using the tidal data from 9 stations selected by an anomaly coherency analysis. The results indicated that the sea level has risen by 0.28 cm yr-1 around the Korean Peninsula over the past two decades. The extent of such a rise is about two times higher than that of the global increase (0.1-0.2 cm yr-1). However,because most global warming effects occurred mainly over mid- and high-latitudes, this level of change appears to be realistic. According to the spectral analysis (at a spectral window of k = 2, k is the number of subdivisions), the decadal band of sea level variability is computed at 30% of the energy. Its spectral peak is found at 12.8 years. In the interannual band, the predominant sea level variability is in the 1.4-1.9-year band, with a sharp peak at 1.6 years. A secondary peak, although marginal, has a period of 2.2years. Based on our estimates of sea level height from Topex/Poseidon, the quasi-biennial periodicity of 1.6 years is the representative interannual sea level variability in the seas adjacent to Korea. Trends vary greatly according to the geographical location, from a maximum of 1.0 cm yr-1 (the southern sector of the East Sea) to a minimum of 0.17 cm yr-1 (the northern sector of the East Sea). This is fairly consistent with the qualitative description already given with reference to the global map. As an analogue to the pattern seen in Korea, that of the Yellow Sea reveals practically the same trend as that of the adjacent seas (0.56 cm yr-1). However, in the case of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) data, there is no clear evidence of a linkage between the interannual sea level variability around the Korean Peninsula and ENSO.

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