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Volume 21 Issue 4

Jul.  2004

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2004 >  21(4): 627-636

Estimating Heat Fluxes by Merging Profile Formulae and the Energy Budget with a Variational Technique

  • 1.

    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000


doi: 10.1007/BF02915730

  • A variational technique (VT) is applied to estimate surface sensible and latent heat fluxes based on observations of air temperature, wind speed, and humidity, respectively, at three heights (1 m, 4 m, and 10m), and the surface energy and radiation budgets by the surface energy and radiation system (SERBS). The method fully uses all information provided by the measurements of air temperature, wind, and humidity profiles, the surface energy budget, and the similarity profile formulae as well. Data collected at Feixi experiment station installed by the China Heavy Rain Experiment and Study (HeRES) Program are used to test the method. Results show that the proposed technique can overcome the well-known unstablility problem that occurs when the Bowen method becomes singular; in comparison with the profile method, it reduces both the sensitivities of latent heat fluxes to observational errors in humidity and those of sensible heat fluxes to observational errors in temperature, while the estimated heat fluxes approximately satisfy the surface energy budget. Therefore, the variational technique is more reliable and stable than the two conventional methods in estimating surface sensible and latent heat fluxes.
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    [2] PENG Guliang, CAI Xuhui, ZHANG Hongsheng, LI Aiguo, HU Fei, Monique Y. LECLERC, 2008: Heat Flux Apportionment to Heterogeneous Surfaces\\[.1cm] Using Flux Footprint Analysis, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 107-116.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0107-4
    [3] Chengyan LIU, Zhaomin WANG, Bingrui LI, Chen CHENG, Ruibin XIA, 2017: On the Response of Subduction in the South Pacific to an Intensification of Westerlies and Heat Flux in an Eddy Permitting Ocean Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 521-531.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6021-2
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    [7] Qinyu LIU, Yiqun LU, 2016: Role of Horizontal Density Advection in Seasonal Deepening of the Mixed Layer in the Subtropical Southeast Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 442-451.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5111-x
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 July 2004
    Manuscript revised: 10 July 2004
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Estimating Heat Fluxes by Merging Profile Formulae and the Energy Budget with a Variational Technique

    • 1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
    • Manuscript received: 2004-07-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2004-07-10

    Abstract: A variational technique (VT) is applied to estimate surface sensible and latent heat fluxes based on observations of air temperature, wind speed, and humidity, respectively, at three heights (1 m, 4 m, and 10m), and the surface energy and radiation budgets by the surface energy and radiation system (SERBS). The method fully uses all information provided by the measurements of air temperature, wind, and humidity profiles, the surface energy budget, and the similarity profile formulae as well. Data collected at Feixi experiment station installed by the China Heavy Rain Experiment and Study (HeRES) Program are used to test the method. Results show that the proposed technique can overcome the well-known unstablility problem that occurs when the Bowen method becomes singular; in comparison with the profile method, it reduces both the sensitivities of latent heat fluxes to observational errors in humidity and those of sensible heat fluxes to observational errors in temperature, while the estimated heat fluxes approximately satisfy the surface energy budget. Therefore, the variational technique is more reliable and stable than the two conventional methods in estimating surface sensible and latent heat fluxes.

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