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Volume 2 Issue 1

Jan.  1985

Article Contents

THE EFFECTS OF EARTH PARTIAL SPECULAR REFLECTION ON THE QUANTITATIVE RAINFALL-RATE MEASUREMENTS BY RADAR


doi: 10.1007/BF03179742

  • The equations for calculating the echo power from meteorological targets and the energy distribution within radar beam were derived, by taking the earth curvature, atmospheric refractivity gradient, reflection factor and the roughness of the earth's surface into consideration. The estimation based on these equations shows that the rain echo power may deviate from its normal value by a factor of -3 to +6 db depending on the radar height, antenna elevation, wave length, beam width, surface reflectivity and roughness.
  • [1] Ma Zhenhua, Liu Guosheng, Liu Wei, 1985: PRINCIPAL STUDY OF THE FM RADAR FOR IMPROVING THE ACCURACY IN QUANTITATIVE RAINFALL RATE MEASUREMENT, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2, 341-346.  doi: 10.1007/BF02677250
    [2] Jiang HUANGFU, Zhiqun HU, Jiafeng ZHENG, Lirong WANG, Yongjie ZHU, 2024: Study on Quantitative Precipitation Estimation by Polarimetric Radar Using Deep Learning, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3039-0
    [3] Li Guoqing, Robin Kung, Richard L. Pfeffer, 1993: Some Effects of Rotation Rate on Planetary-Scale Wave Flows, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 10, 296-306.  doi: 10.1007/BF02658135
    [4] LI Guoqing, ZONG Haifeng, ZHANG Qingyun, 2011: 27.3-day and Average 13.6-day Periodic Oscillations in the Earth's Rotation Rate and Atmospheric Pressure Fields Due to Celestial Gravitation Forcing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 45-58.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0011-6
    [5] WANG Gaili, WONG Waikin, LIU Liping, WANG Hongyan, 2013: Application of Multi-Scale Tracking Radar Echoes Scheme in Quantitative Precipitation Nowcasting, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 448-460.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2026-7
    [6] Haibo ZOU, Shanshan WU, Miaoxia TIAN, 2023: Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Based on the Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network and Echo-Top Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1043-1057.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2127-x
    [7] Yufang TIAN, Daren LÜ, 2017: Comparison of Beijing MST Radar and Radiosonde Horizontal Wind Measurements, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 39-53.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6129-4
    [8] WANG Gaili, LIU Liping, DING Yuanyuan, 2012: Improvement of Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Based on Real-Time Adjustments to Z--R Relationships and Inverse Distance Weighting Correction Schemes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 575-584.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-1139-8
    [9] Ling YANG, Yun WANG, Zhongke WANG, Qian YANG, Xingang FAN, Fa TAO, Xiaoqiong ZHEN, Zhipeng YANG, 2020: Automatic Identification of Clear-Air Echoes Based on Millimeter-wave Cloud Radar Measurements, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 912-924.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9270-z
    [10] Liping LIU, Jiafeng ZHENG, Jingya WU, 2017: A Ka-band Solid-state Transmitter Cloud Radar and Data Merging Algorithm for Its Measurements, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 545-558.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6044-8
    [11] Yang LI, Yubao LIU, Rongfu SUN, Fengxia GUO, Xiaofeng XU, Haixiang XU, 2023: Convective Storm VIL and Lightning Nowcasting Using Satellite and Weather Radar Measurements Based on Multi-Task Learning Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 887-899.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2082-6
    [12] Hong WANG, Wenqing WANG, Jun WANG, Dianli GONG, Dianguo ZHANG, Ling ZHANG, Qiuchen ZHANG, 2021: Rainfall Microphysical Properties of Landfalling Typhoon Yagi (201814) Based on the Observations of Micro Rain Radar and Cloud Radar in Shandong, China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 994-1011.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0062-x
    [13] Yaoming MA, Weiqiang MA, Huaguang DAI, Lei ZHANG, Fanglin SUN, Jinqiang ZHANG, Nan YAO, Jianan HE, Zhixuan BAI, Yuejian XUAN, Yunshuai ZHANG, Yuan YUAN, Chenyi YANG, Weijun SUN, Ping ZHAO, Minghu DING, Kongju ZHU, Jie HU, Bian Bazhuga, Bai Juepingcuo, Zhuo Ma, Ren Qingnima, Suo Langwangdui, Yang Zong, Haikun WEN, 2023: Earth Summit Mission 2022: Scientific Expedition and Research on Mt. Qomolangma Helps Reveal the Synergy between Westerly Winds and Monsoon and the Resulting Climatic and Environmental Effects, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 187-193.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2166-3
    [14] Heping LIU, 2009: A Re-examination of Density Effects in Eddy Covariance Measurements of CO2 Fluxes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 9-16.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0009-0
    [15] Lingyun LOUSchool, of Earth, Zhejiang University, Xiaofan LISchool, 2016: Radiative Effects on Torrential Rainfall during the Landfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013), ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 101-109.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5139-y
    [16] HOU Tuanjie, Fanyou KONG, CHEN Xunlai, LEI Hengchi, HU Zhaoxia, 2015: Evaluation of Radar and Automatic Weather Station Data Assimilation for a Heavy Rainfall Event in Southern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 967-978.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4155-7
    [17] Lin Hai, Xin Miaoxin, Wei Chong, Hao Yaokui, Zou Shouxiang, 1985: GROUND-BASED REMOTE SENSING OF LWC IN CLOUD AND RAINFALL BY A COMBINED DUAL-WAVELENGTH RADAR-RADIOMETER SYSTEM, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2, 93-103.  doi: 10.1007/BF03179741
    [18] Song YANG, Eric A.SMITH, 2005: Resolving SSM/I-Ship Radar Rainfall Discrepancies from AIP-3, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 903-914.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918689
    [19] HU Zhiqun, LIU Liping, WANG Lirong, 2012: A Quality Assurance Procedure and Evaluation of Rainfall Estimates for C-Band Polarimetric Radar, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 144-156.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0172-y
    [20] Ji-Hyun HA, Hyung-Woo KIM, Dong-Kyou LEE, 2011: Observation and Numerical Simulations with Radar and Surface Data Assimilation for Heavy Rainfall over Central Korea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 573-590.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0035-y

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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 January 1985
Manuscript revised: 10 January 1985
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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THE EFFECTS OF EARTH PARTIAL SPECULAR REFLECTION ON THE QUANTITATIVE RAINFALL-RATE MEASUREMENTS BY RADAR

  • 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing

Abstract: The equations for calculating the echo power from meteorological targets and the energy distribution within radar beam were derived, by taking the earth curvature, atmospheric refractivity gradient, reflection factor and the roughness of the earth's surface into consideration. The estimation based on these equations shows that the rain echo power may deviate from its normal value by a factor of -3 to +6 db depending on the radar height, antenna elevation, wave length, beam width, surface reflectivity and roughness.

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