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Volume 17 Issue 4

Oct.  2000

Article Contents
Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2000 >  17(4): 617-635

A Three-Dimensional Model of Transport and Diffusion of Seeding Agents within Stratus

  • 1.

    Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an 710015,Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an 710015,Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Nanjing University. Nanjing 210093,Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an 710015


doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0024-7

  • It is essential to learn the temporal and spatial concentration distributions and variations of seeding agents in cloud seeding of precipitation enhancement. A three-dimensional puff trajectory model incorpo-rating a mesoscale nonhydrostatic model has been formulated, and is applied to simulating the transporting and diffusive characteristics of multiple line sources of seeding agents within super-cooled stratus. Several important factors are taken into consideration that affect the diffusion of seeding materials such as effects of topography and vertical wind shear, temporal and spatial variation of seeding parameters and wet deposi-tion. The particles of seeding agents are assumed to be almost inert, they have no interaction with the particles of the cloud or precipitation except that they are washed out by precipitation. The model validity is demonstrated by the analyses and comparisons of model results, and checked by the sensitivity experiments of diffusive coefficients and atmospheric stratification. The advantage of this model includes not only its exact reflection of heterogeneity and unsteadiness of background fields, but also its good simulation of trans port and diffusion of multiple line sources.The horizontal diffusion rate and the horizontal transport distance have been proposed that they usual-ly were difficult to obtain in other models. In this simulation the horizontal diffusion rate is 0.82 m s-1 for average of one hour, and the horizontal average transport distance reaches 65 km after 1 h, which are closely related to the background fields.
  • [1] YU Xing, DAI Jin, LEI Hengchi, FAN Peng, 2005: Comparison Between Computer Simulation of Transport and Diffusion of Cloud Seeding Material Within Stratiform Cloud and the NOAA-14 Satellite Cloud Track, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 133-141.  doi: 10.1007/BF02930877
    [2] Steinar ORRE, Yongqi GAO, Helge DRANGE, Eric DELEERSNIJDER, 2008: Diagnosing Ocean Tracer Transport from Sellafield and Dounreay by Equivalent Diffusion and Age, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 805-814.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0805-y
    [3] LI Yan, ZHU Jiang, WANG Hui, 2013: The Impact of Different Vertical Diffusion Schemes in a Three-Dimensional Oil Spill Model in the Bohai Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1569-1586.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2201-x
    [4] Zheng Yi, 2000: Study on Horizontal Relative Diffusion in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 93-102.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0046-1
    [5] Kong Fanyou, Qin Yu, 1993: The Vertical Transport of Air Pollutants by Convective Clouds. Part I: A Non-Reactive Cloud Transport Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 10, 415-427.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656966
    [6] XU Xiangde, MIAO Qiuju, WANG Jizhi, ZHANG Xuejin, 2003: The Water Vapor Transport Model at the Regional Boundary during the Meiyu Period, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 333-342.  doi: 10.1007/BF02690791
    [7] Wang Zifa, Huang Meiyuan, He Dongyang, Xu Huaying, Zhou Ling, 1996: Sulfur Distribution and Transport Studies in East Asia Using Eulerian Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 13, 399-409.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656856
    [8] Yuting ZHANG, Xiaole PAN, Yu TIAN, Hang LIU, Xueshun CHEN, Baozhu GE, Zhe WANG, Xiao TANG, Shandong LEI, Weijie YAO, Yuanzhe REN, Yongli TIAN, Jie LI, Pingqing FU, Jinyuan XIN, Yele SUN, Junji CAO, Zifa WANG, 2022: Transport Patterns and Potential Sources of Atmospheric Pollution during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games Period, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1608-1622.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1463-1
    [9] Xiangzhou SONG†, Rui Xin HUANG, Dexing WU, Fangli QIAO, Guansuo WANG, 2019: Geostrophic Spirals Generated by the Horizontal Diffusion of Vortex Stretching in the Yellow Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 219-230.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8091-9
    [10] Hongxiong XU, Dajun ZHAO, 2021: Effect of the Vertical Diffusion of Moisture in the Planetary Boundary Layer on an Idealized Tropical Cyclone, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1889-1904.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1016-z
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    [14] WANG Xiaocong, LIU Yimin, WU Guoxiong, Shian-Jiann LIN, BAO Qing, 2013: The Application of Flux-Form Semi-Lagrangian Transport Scheme in a Spectral Atmosphere Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 89-100.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2039-2
    [15] LI Xingliang, SHEN Xueshun, PENG Xindong, XIAO Feng, ZHUANG Zhaorong, CHEN Chungang, 2013: An Accurate Multimoment Constrained Finite Volume Transport Model on Yin-Yang Grids, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1320-1330.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2217-x
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    [18] Jianghao LI, Li DONG, 2024: A Long-Time-Step-Permitting Tracer Transport Model on the Regular Latitude–Longitude Grid, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 493-508.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2270-z
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 October 2000
    Manuscript revised: 10 October 2000
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    A Three-Dimensional Model of Transport and Diffusion of Seeding Agents within Stratus

    • 1. Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an 710015,Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an 710015,Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Nanjing University. Nanjing 210093,Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an 710015
    • Manuscript received: 2000-10-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2000-10-10

    Abstract: It is essential to learn the temporal and spatial concentration distributions and variations of seeding agents in cloud seeding of precipitation enhancement. A three-dimensional puff trajectory model incorpo-rating a mesoscale nonhydrostatic model has been formulated, and is applied to simulating the transporting and diffusive characteristics of multiple line sources of seeding agents within super-cooled stratus. Several important factors are taken into consideration that affect the diffusion of seeding materials such as effects of topography and vertical wind shear, temporal and spatial variation of seeding parameters and wet deposi-tion. The particles of seeding agents are assumed to be almost inert, they have no interaction with the particles of the cloud or precipitation except that they are washed out by precipitation. The model validity is demonstrated by the analyses and comparisons of model results, and checked by the sensitivity experiments of diffusive coefficients and atmospheric stratification. The advantage of this model includes not only its exact reflection of heterogeneity and unsteadiness of background fields, but also its good simulation of trans port and diffusion of multiple line sources.The horizontal diffusion rate and the horizontal transport distance have been proposed that they usual-ly were difficult to obtain in other models. In this simulation the horizontal diffusion rate is 0.82 m s-1 for average of one hour, and the horizontal average transport distance reaches 65 km after 1 h, which are closely related to the background fields.

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