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Volume 18 Issue 1

Jan.  2001

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2001 >  18(1): 1-22

An Oceanic General Circulation Model in Pressure Coordinates

  • 1.

    Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U.S.A.,LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029


doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0001-9

  • A new oceanic general circulation model in pressure coordinates is formulated. Since the bottom pressure changes with time, the vertical coordinate is actually a pressure-σ coordinate. The numerical solution of the model is based on an energy-conservation scheme of finite difference. The most important new feature of the model is that it is a truly compressible ocean model and it is free of the Boussinesq approxima tions. Thus, the new model is quite different from many existing models in the following ways: 1) the exact form of mass conservation, 2) the in-situ instantaneous pressure and the UNESCO equation of state to calculate density, 3) the in-situ density in the momentum equations, 4) finite difference schemes that conserve the total energy. Initial tests showed that the model code runs smoothly, and it is quite stable. The quasi-steady circulation patterns generated by the new model compare well with existing models, but the time evolution of the new model seems different from some existing models. Thus, the non-Boussinesq models may provide more accurate information for climate study and satellite observations.
  • [1] D. R. Johnson, Zhuojian Yuan, 1998: The Development and Initial Tests of an Atmospheric Model Based on a Vertical Coordinate with a Smooth Transition from Terrain Following to Isentropic Coordinates, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 15, 283-299.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0001-0
    [2] Zuohao Cao, 1999: Dynamics of Absolute Vorticity in the Boussinesq Fluid, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 482-486.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0025-0
    [3] Chao LIU, Li FU, Dan YANG, David R. MILLER, Junming WANG, 2020: Non-Gaussian Lagrangian Stochastic Model for Wind Field Simulation in the Surface Layer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 90-104.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9052-7
    [4] LI Xiaohan, PENG Xindong, LI Xingliang, 2015: An Improved Dynamic Core for a Non-hydrostatic Model System on the Yin-Yang Grid, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 648-658.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4120-5
    [5] Xun ZHU, 2003: Parameterization of the Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Source Function with Chemical Production by an Equivalent Two-Level Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 487-495.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915493
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    [7] Yifan ZHAO, Xindong PENG, Xiaohan LI, Siyuan CHEN, 2024: Improved Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation on Land in a Global Non-Hydrostatic Model Using a Revised NSAS Deep Convective Scheme, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3121-7
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    [9] Jiang Weimei, Wang Xuemei, 1996: A 2-D Non-local Closure Model for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 13, 169-182.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656860
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    [12] DAI Tie, SHI Guangyu, Teruyuki NAKAJIMA, 2015: Analysis and Evaluation of the Global Aerosol Optical Properties Simulated by an Online Aerosol-coupled Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 743-758.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4098-z
    [13] Jianjun Xu, Johnny C. L. Chan, 2002: Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Winter Precipitation over China in Relation to Global Sea Level Pressure Anomalies, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 914-926.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0055-3
    [14] HUANG Yanyan, XUE Jishan, WAN Qilin, CHEN Zitong, DING Weiyu, ZHANG Chengzhong, 2013: Improvement of the Surface Pressure Operator in GRAPES and Its Application in Precipitation Forecasting in South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 354-366.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1270-1
    [15] WANG Panxing, Julian X. L. WANG, ZHI Hai, WANG Yukun, SUN Xiaojuan, 2012: Circulation Indices of the Aleutian Low Pressure System: Definitions and Relationships to Climate Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 1111-1118.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1196-7
    [16] H. M. HASANEAN, H. Abdel BASSET, M. A. A. HUSSEIN, 2015: On the Relationship between Climatic Variables and Pressure Systems over Saudi Arabia in the Winter Season, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 690-703.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4149-5
    [17] Lesi WEI, Huazhe SHANG, Jian XU, Chong SHI, Gegen TANA, Kefu CHAO, Shanhu BAO, Liangfu CHEN, Husi LETU, 2024: Cloud Top Pressure Retrieval Using Polarized and Oxygen A-band Measurements from GF5 and PARASOL Satellites, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 680-700.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2382-5
    [18] Shaoying LI, Jun PENG, Weimin ZHANG, Jianping WU, Qiang YAO, Xiangrong YANG, Tengling LUO, 2023: Effects of a Dry-Mass Conserving Dynamical Core on the Simulation of Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 464-482.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2085-3
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    [20] Yuqiang SONG, Hongnian LIU, Xueyuan WANG, Ning ZHANG, Jianning SUN, 2016: Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Urban Non-uniformity on Precipitation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 783-793.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5042-1
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 January 2001
    Manuscript revised: 10 January 2001
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    An Oceanic General Circulation Model in Pressure Coordinates

    • 1. Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U.S.A.,LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
    • Manuscript received: 2001-01-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2001-01-10

    Abstract: A new oceanic general circulation model in pressure coordinates is formulated. Since the bottom pressure changes with time, the vertical coordinate is actually a pressure-σ coordinate. The numerical solution of the model is based on an energy-conservation scheme of finite difference. The most important new feature of the model is that it is a truly compressible ocean model and it is free of the Boussinesq approxima tions. Thus, the new model is quite different from many existing models in the following ways: 1) the exact form of mass conservation, 2) the in-situ instantaneous pressure and the UNESCO equation of state to calculate density, 3) the in-situ density in the momentum equations, 4) finite difference schemes that conserve the total energy. Initial tests showed that the model code runs smoothly, and it is quite stable. The quasi-steady circulation patterns generated by the new model compare well with existing models, but the time evolution of the new model seems different from some existing models. Thus, the non-Boussinesq models may provide more accurate information for climate study and satellite observations.

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