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Volume 18 Issue 1

Jan.  2001

Article Contents
Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2001 >  18(1): 117-138

Numerical Simulation Study for the Structure and Evolution of Tropical Squall Line

  • 1.

    Key Laboratory for Meso-scale Severe Weather/ MOE, Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,Key Laboratory for Meso-scale Severe Weather/ MOE, Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093


doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0008-2

  • The occurrence and evolution of an oceanic tropical squall line observed on 22 February 1993 during TOGA-COARE over the equatorial Pacific Ocean were simulated by use of a three-dimensional,nonhydrostatic storm-scale numerical model ARPS. The capacity of ARPS to simulate such tropical squall line was verified. The structure and dynamic mechanism of the squall line were discussed in details as well.The impacts of the different microphysical process that including the ice phase and warm rain schemes on structure and evolution of the squall line were investigated by the sensitive experiment.The simulations of the three-dimensional structure and evolution of the squall line are closely related with the observations when the proper microphysical processes were employed. The more latent heating released in the ice phase processes associated with the freezing process leads to strengthening deep convection due to the vertical gradient of buoyancy, which results in a long life of the convective system. In contrast, the warm rain process is characterized by short life period, more pronounced rearward tilt structure and extension of stratiform cloud.
  • [1] Shaowu BAO, Lian XIE, Sethu RAMAN, 2004: A Numerical Study of a TOGA-COARE Squall-Line Using a Coupled Mesoscale Atmosphere-Ocean Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 708-716.  doi: 10.1007/BF02916368
    [2] ZHENG Kailin, CHEN Baojun, 2014: Sensitivities of Tornadogenesis to Drop Size Distribution in a Simulated Subtropical Supercell over Eastern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 657-668.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3143-7
    [3] GAO Shouting, Xiaofan LI, 2008: Impacts of Initial Conditions on Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 737-747.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0737-6
    [4] LIU Lu, RAN Lingkun, SUN Xiaogong, 2015: Analysis of the Structure and Propagation of a Simulated Squall Line on 14 June 2009, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1049-1062.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4100-9
    [5] WU Duochang, MENG Zhiyong, YAN Dachun, 2013: The Predictability of a Squall Line in South China on 23 April 2007, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 485-502.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2076-x
    [6] Xin LI, Mingjian ZENG, Yuan WANG, Wenlan WANG, Haiying WU, Haixia MEI, 2016: Evaluation of Two Momentum Control Variable Schemes and Their Impact on the Variational Assimilation of Radar Wind Data: Case Study of a Squall Line, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1143-1157.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5255-3
    [7] Xingchao CHEN, Kun ZHAO, Juanzhen SUN, Bowen ZHOU, Wen-Chau LEE, 2016: Assimilating Surface Observations in a Four-Dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Data Assimilation System to Improve the Analysis and Forecast of a Squall Line Case, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1106-1119.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5290-0
    [8] LIU Liping, ZHUANG Wei, ZHANG Pengfei, MU Rong, 2010: Convective Scale Structure and Evolution of a Squall Line Observed by C-Band Dual Doppler Radar in an Arid Region of Northwestern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1099-1109.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8217-1
    [9] DING Jincai, YANG Yinming, YE Qixin, HUANG Yan, MA Xiaoxing, MA Leiming, Y. R. GUO, 2007: Moisture Analysis of a Squall Line Case Based on Precipitable Water Vapor Data from a Ground-Based GPS Network in the Yangtze River Delta, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 409-420.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0409-y
    [10] Yuan WANG, Jonathan M. VOGEL, Yun LIN, Bowen PAN, Jiaxi HU, Yangang LIU, Xiquan DONG, Jonathan H. JIANG, Yuk L. YUNG, Renyi ZHANG, 2018: Aerosol Microphysical and Radiative Effects on Continental Cloud Ensembles, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 234-247.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-7091-5
    [11] GAO Shouting, Xiaofan LI, 2009: Dependence of the Accuracy of Precipitation and Cloud Simulation on Temporal and Spatial Scales, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1108-1114.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8143-2
    [12] LIPING LUO, Ming Xue, Xin Xu, Lijuan Li, Qiang Zhang, Ziqi Fan, 2024: Understanding Simulated Causes of Damaging Surface Winds in a Derecho-Producing Mesoscale Convective System near the East China Coast based on Convection-Permitting Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-024-3314-8
    [13] Yoo-Jun KIM, So-Ra IN, Hae-Min KIM, Jin-Hwa LEE, Kyu Rang KIM, Seungbum KIM, Byung-Gon KIM, 2021: Sensitivity of Snowfall Characteristics to Meteorological Conditions in the Yeongdong Region of Korea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 413-429.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0157-9
    [14] Lingkun RAN, Changsheng CHEN, 2016: Diagnosis of the Forcing of Inertial-gravity Waves in a Severe Convection System, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1271-1284.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5292-y
    [15] ZHOU Yushu, CUI Chunguang, 2011: A Modeling Study of Surface Rainfall Processes Associated with a Torrential Rainfall Event over Hubei, China, during July 2007, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1459-1470.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0119-8
    [16] Xinyong SHEN, Wenyan HUANG, Chunyan GUO, Xiaocen JIANG, 2016: Precipitation Responses to Radiative Effects of Ice Clouds: A Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study of a Pre-Summer Torrential Precipitation Event, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1137-1142.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5218-8
    [17] Xiaoqing WU, Xiaofan LI, 2008: A Review of Cloud-Resolving Model Studies of Convective Processes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 202-212.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0202-6
    [18] Yujie PAN, Mingjun WANG, 2019: Impact of the Assimilation Frequency of Radar Data with the ARPS 3DVar and Cloud Analysis System on Forecasts of a Squall Line in Southern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 160-172.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8087-5
    [19] Jinghua CHEN, Xiaoqing WU, Chunsong LU, Yan YIN, 2022: Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Cloud Systems over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and East China: A Cloud-resolving Model Study, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1034-1049.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0391-9
    [20] GAO Wenhua, SUI Chung-Hsiung, 2013: A Modeling Analysis of Rainfall and Water Cycle by the Cloud-resolving WRF Model over the Western North Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1695-1711.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2288-8
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 January 2001
    Manuscript revised: 10 January 2001
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Numerical Simulation Study for the Structure and Evolution of Tropical Squall Line

    • 1. Key Laboratory for Meso-scale Severe Weather/ MOE, Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,Key Laboratory for Meso-scale Severe Weather/ MOE, Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093
    • Manuscript received: 2001-01-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2001-01-10

    Abstract: The occurrence and evolution of an oceanic tropical squall line observed on 22 February 1993 during TOGA-COARE over the equatorial Pacific Ocean were simulated by use of a three-dimensional,nonhydrostatic storm-scale numerical model ARPS. The capacity of ARPS to simulate such tropical squall line was verified. The structure and dynamic mechanism of the squall line were discussed in details as well.The impacts of the different microphysical process that including the ice phase and warm rain schemes on structure and evolution of the squall line were investigated by the sensitive experiment.The simulations of the three-dimensional structure and evolution of the squall line are closely related with the observations when the proper microphysical processes were employed. The more latent heating released in the ice phase processes associated with the freezing process leads to strengthening deep convection due to the vertical gradient of buoyancy, which results in a long life of the convective system. In contrast, the warm rain process is characterized by short life period, more pronounced rearward tilt structure and extension of stratiform cloud.

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