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Volume 19 Issue 5

Sep.  2002

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2002 >  19(5): 885-900

Mechanism of Thermal Features over the Indo-China Peninsula and Possible Effects on the Onset of the South China Sea Monsoon

  • 1.

    Department of Atmosphcric Sciemcs, Nanjing UniverMty, Nanjing 210093,Department of Atmosphcric Sciemcs, Nanjing UniverMty, Nanjing 210093


doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0053-5

  • The thermal characteristics during the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon onset period near theIndo-China Peninsula are analyzed by using the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)reanalysis data from I May to 31 August 1998 and the NCEP/NCAR pentad-mean reanalysis data fromJanuary 1980 to December 1995. The possible relationships between the anomaly of thermal features nearthe Indo-China Peninsula and the SCS monsoon onset are investigated, and the mechanism causing theSCS summer monsoon onset is also discussed. Results from the 1998 SCSMEX reanalysis data show thatthere exists a strong persistent surface sensible heating near the Indo-China Peninsula prior to the SCSmonsoon onset, which has apparent low frequency oscillation features. This sensible heating leads to awarmer center in the lower atmosphere near the Indo-China Peninsula and strong local horizontal tempera-ture and geopotential height gradients which are favorable to strengthening the southwest wind over theIndo-China Peninsula. It is also found that stronger convergent winds at lower levels and stronger divergentwinds at high levels appear, which provide a favorable configuration for the development of vertical motion,enhancement of precipitation, and onset of the SCS monsoon. These results can be verified by analysis of themulti-year mean data. Additionally, it is found that the temperature at 850 hPa increases more rapidly overthe Indo-China Peninsula than the South China Sea prior to the SCS monsoon onset, which leads to astrengthening of the temperature difference between the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea.Moreover, results from the analysis of the Iongitudinal temperature and geopotential height differencesshow that the eastern retreat of the subtropical high over the Indo-China Peninsula during the period ofSCS monsoon onset is associated with the temperature increase over the Indo-China Peninsula and theeastern extension of low trough over the Bay of Bengal.
  • [1] Lijuan WANG, Aiguo DAI, Shuaihong GUO, Jing GE, 2017: Establishment of the South Asian High over the Indo-China Peninsula During Late Spring to Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 169-180.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6061-7
    [2] Chujie GAO, Gen LI, 2023: Enhanced Seasonal Predictability of Spring Soil Moisture over the Indo-China Peninsula for Eastern China Summer Precipitation under Non-ENSO Conditions, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1632-1648.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2361-x
    [3] Wang Shiyu, QianYongfu, 2000: Diagnostic Study of Apparent Heat Sources and Moisture Sinks in the South China Sea and Its Adjacent Areas during the Onset of 1998 SCS Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 285-298.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0010-0
    [4] Yinshuo Dong, Haishan Chen, Xuan Dong, Wenjian Hua, Wenjun Zhang, 2024: Synergistic Impacts of Indian Ocean SST and Indo-China Peninsula Soil Moisture on the 2020 Record-breaking Meiyu, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-024-3204-0
    [5] HUANG Ronghui, GU Lei, ZHOU Liantong, WU Shangsen, 2006: Impact of the Thermal State of the Tropical Western Pacific on Onset Date and Process of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 909-924.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0100-3
    [6] Li Chongyin, Wu Jingbo, 2000: On the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 1998, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 193-204.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0003-z
    [7] Gill M. MARTIN, Amulya CHEVUTURI, Ruth E. COMER, Nick J. DUNSTONE, Adam A. SCAIFE, Daquan ZHANG, 2019: Predictability of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 253-260.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8100-z
    [8] WANG Zhifu, QIAN Yongfu, 2009: The Relationship of Land-Ocean Thermal Anomaly Difference with Mei-yu and South China Sea Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 169-179.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0169-y
    [9] Yan Junyue, 1997: Observational Study on the Onset of the South China Sea Southwest Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 277-287.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0026-9
    [10] Jiang Jing, Qian Yongfu, 1999: The Study on the Interannual Variation and the Mechanism of the South China Sea Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 544-558.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0030-3
    [11] Shao Hui, Qian Yongfu, 2000: Main Features of Regional Circulation Variation during Onset of the South China Sea Monsoon in 1998, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 322-338.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0013-x
    [12] Ning JIANG, Congwen ZHU, 2021: Seasonal Forecast of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset Disturbed by Cold Tongue La Niña in the Past Decade, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 147-155.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0090-y
    [13] Peng HU, Wen CHEN, Shangfeng CHEN, Lin WANG, Yuyun LIU, 2022: The Weakening Relationship between ENSO and the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset in Recent Decades, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 443-455.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1208-6
    [14] Yang AI, Ning JIANG, Weihong QIAN, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG, Yanying CHEN, 2022: Strengthened Regulation of the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon by the Northwest Indian Ocean Warming in the Past Decade, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 943-952.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1364-8
    [15] Weiwei WANG, Song YANG, Tuantuan ZHANG, Qingquan LI, Wei WEI, 2022: Sub-seasonal Prediction of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1969-1981.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1403-0
    [16] ZHOU Wen, Johnny Chung-Leung CHAN, LI Chongyin, 2005: South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset in Relation to the Off-Equatorial ITCZ, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 665-676.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918710
    [17] LIU Peng, QIAN Yongfu, HUANG Anning, 2009: Impacts of Land Surface and Sea Surface Temperatures on the Onset Date of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 493-502.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0493-2
    [18] Yanying CHEN, Ning JIANG, Yang AI, Kang XU, Longjiang MAO, 2023: Influences of MJO-induced Tropical Cyclones on the Circulation-Convection Inconsistency for the 2021 South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 262-272.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2103-5
    [19] YAN Bangliang, 2005: On the Mechanism of the Locking of the El Ni o Event Onset Phase to Boreal Spring, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 741-750.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918717
    [20] Wanling LI, Xin HAO, Li WANG, Yuqing LI, Jiandong LI, Huixin LI, Tingting HAN, 2022: Detection and Attribution of Changes in Thermal Discomfort over China during 1961−2014 and Future Projections, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 456-470.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1168-x
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 September 2002
    Manuscript revised: 10 September 2002
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Mechanism of Thermal Features over the Indo-China Peninsula and Possible Effects on the Onset of the South China Sea Monsoon

    • 1. Department of Atmosphcric Sciemcs, Nanjing UniverMty, Nanjing 210093,Department of Atmosphcric Sciemcs, Nanjing UniverMty, Nanjing 210093
    • Manuscript received: 2002-09-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2002-09-10

    Abstract: The thermal characteristics during the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon onset period near theIndo-China Peninsula are analyzed by using the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)reanalysis data from I May to 31 August 1998 and the NCEP/NCAR pentad-mean reanalysis data fromJanuary 1980 to December 1995. The possible relationships between the anomaly of thermal features nearthe Indo-China Peninsula and the SCS monsoon onset are investigated, and the mechanism causing theSCS summer monsoon onset is also discussed. Results from the 1998 SCSMEX reanalysis data show thatthere exists a strong persistent surface sensible heating near the Indo-China Peninsula prior to the SCSmonsoon onset, which has apparent low frequency oscillation features. This sensible heating leads to awarmer center in the lower atmosphere near the Indo-China Peninsula and strong local horizontal tempera-ture and geopotential height gradients which are favorable to strengthening the southwest wind over theIndo-China Peninsula. It is also found that stronger convergent winds at lower levels and stronger divergentwinds at high levels appear, which provide a favorable configuration for the development of vertical motion,enhancement of precipitation, and onset of the SCS monsoon. These results can be verified by analysis of themulti-year mean data. Additionally, it is found that the temperature at 850 hPa increases more rapidly overthe Indo-China Peninsula than the South China Sea prior to the SCS monsoon onset, which leads to astrengthening of the temperature difference between the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea.Moreover, results from the analysis of the Iongitudinal temperature and geopotential height differencesshow that the eastern retreat of the subtropical high over the Indo-China Peninsula during the period ofSCS monsoon onset is associated with the temperature increase over the Indo-China Peninsula and theeastern extension of low trough over the Bay of Bengal.

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