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Volume 23 Issue 1

Jan.  2006

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2006 >  23(1): 127-140

Intermediately Complex Models for the Hydrological Interactions in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil System

  • 1.

    The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA,University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada


doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0013-6

  • This paper investigates the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-evegetation-soil system by using the bucket model and several new simplified intermediately complex models. The results of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations show that these models, despite their simplicity, can very clearly reveal the essential features of the rather complex hydrological system of atmosphere-ecosystem-soil. For given atmospheric variables, these models clearly demonstrate multiple timescales, the “red shift” of response spectra, multi-equilibria and limit cycles, bifurcation, abrupt change, self-organization, recovery, “desertification”, and chaos. Most of these agree with observations. Especially, the weakening of “shading effect” of living canopy and the wilted biomass might be a major mechanism leading to the desertification in a relatively short period due to overgrazing, and the desertification in a relatively long period or in climate of change might be due to both Charney’s mechanism and the shading effect. These ideas could be validated with further numerical simulations. In the paper, some methods for improving the estimation of timescales in the soil water evolution responding to the forcing are also proposed.
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    [2] LIU Shuhua, YUE Xu, LIU Huizhi, HU Fei, 2004: Using a Modified Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Scheme (MSPAS) to Study the Sensitivity of Land Surface and Boundary Layer Processes to Soil and Vegetation Conditions, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 717-729.  doi: 10.1007/BF02916369
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    [6] ZHOU Suoquan, CHEN Jingming, GONG Peng, XUE Genyuan, 2006: Effects of Heterogeneous Vegetation on the Surface Hydrological Cycle, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 391-404.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0391-9
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    [9] SHI Weilai, WANG Hanjie, 2003: The Regional Climate Effects of Replacing Farmland and Re-greening the Desertification Lands with Forest or Grass in West China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 45-54.  doi: 10.1007/BF03342049
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 January 2006
    Manuscript revised: 10 January 2006
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Intermediately Complex Models for the Hydrological Interactions in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil System

    • 1. The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA,University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • Manuscript received: 2006-01-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2006-01-10

    Abstract: This paper investigates the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-evegetation-soil system by using the bucket model and several new simplified intermediately complex models. The results of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations show that these models, despite their simplicity, can very clearly reveal the essential features of the rather complex hydrological system of atmosphere-ecosystem-soil. For given atmospheric variables, these models clearly demonstrate multiple timescales, the “red shift” of response spectra, multi-equilibria and limit cycles, bifurcation, abrupt change, self-organization, recovery, “desertification”, and chaos. Most of these agree with observations. Especially, the weakening of “shading effect” of living canopy and the wilted biomass might be a major mechanism leading to the desertification in a relatively short period due to overgrazing, and the desertification in a relatively long period or in climate of change might be due to both Charney’s mechanism and the shading effect. These ideas could be validated with further numerical simulations. In the paper, some methods for improving the estimation of timescales in the soil water evolution responding to the forcing are also proposed.

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