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Volume 23 Issue 3

May  2006

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2006 >  23(3): 375-390

Simulations of the 100-hPa South Asian High and Precipitation over East Asia with IPCC Coupled GCMs

  • 1.

    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093


doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0375-9

  • The South Asian High (SAH) and precipitation over East Asia simulated by 11 coupled GCMs associated with the forthcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report are evaluated. The seasonal behavior of the SAH is presented for each model. Analyses of the results show that all models are able to reproduce the seasonal cycle of the SAH. Locations of the SAH center are also basically reproduced by these models. All models underestimate the intensity and the extension of coverage in summer. The anomalous SAH can be divided into east and west modes according to its longitudinal position in summer on the interannual timescale, and the composite anomalies of the observed precipitation for these two modes tend to have opposite signs over East Asia. However, only several coupled GCMs can simulate the relationship between rainfall and SAH similar to the observed one, which may be associated with the bias in simulation of the subtropical anticyclone over the West Pacific (SAWP) at 500 hPa. In fact, it is found that any coupled GCM, that can reproduce the reasonable summer mean state of SAWP and the southward (northward) withdrawal (extension) for the east (west) mode of SAH as compared to the observed, will also simulate similar rainfall anomaly patterns for the east and west SAH modes over East Asia. Further analysis indicates that the observed variations in the SAH, SAWP and rainfall are closely related to the sea surface temperature (SST) over the equatorial tropical Pacific. Particularly, some models cannot simulate the SAWP extending northward in the west mode and withdrawing southward in the east mode, which may be related to weak major El Ni?no or La Ni?na events. The abilities of the coupled GCMs to simulate the SAWP and ENSO events are associated partly with their ability to reproduce the observed relationship between SAH and the rainfall anomaly over East Asia.
  • [1] Renguang WU, 2017: Relationship between Indian and East Asian Summer Rainfall Variations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 4-15.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6216-6
    [2] Peiqun ZHANG, Song YANG, Vernon E.KOUSKY, 2005: South Asian High and Asian-Pacific-American Climate Teleconnection, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 915-923.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918690
    [3] Yuanhai FU, Zhongda LIN, Tao WANG, 2021: Simulated Relationship between Wintertime ENSO and East Asian Summer Rainfall: From CMIP3 to CMIP6, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 221-236.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0147-y
    [4] Lijuan WANG, Aiguo DAI, Shuaihong GUO, Jing GE, 2017: Establishment of the South Asian High over the Indo-China Peninsula During Late Spring to Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 169-180.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6061-7
    [5] Yuanhai FU, Riyu LU, Dong GUO, 2021: Projected Increase in Probability of East Asian Heavy Rainy Summer in the 21st Century by CMIP5 Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1635-1650.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0347-0
    [6] Haoxin ZHANG, Weiping LI, Weijing LI, 2019: Influence of Late Springtime Surface Sensible Heat Flux Anomalies over the Tibetan and Iranian Plateaus on the Location of the South Asian High in Early Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 93-103.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7296-2
    [7] ZHOU Ningfang, YU Yongqiang, QIAN Yongfu, 2009: Bimodality of the South Asia High Simulated by Coupled Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1226-1234.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-7219-3
    [8] LIN Zhongda, LU Riyu, 2005: Interannual Meridional Displacement of the East Asian Upper-tropospheric Jet Stream in Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 199-211.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918509
    [9] HUANG Gang, QU Xia, HU Kaiming, 2011: The Impact of the Tropical Indian Ocean on South Asian High in Boreal Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 421-432.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9224-y
    [10] LIN Zhongda, 2014: Intercomparison of the Impacts of Four Summer Teleconnections over Eurasia on East Asian Rainfall, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1366-1376.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3171-y
    [11] Zhu Jinhong, Wang Shaowu, 2001: 80a-Oscillation of Summer Rainfall over the East Part of China and East-Asian Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 1043-1051.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0024-y
    [12] FANG Yongjie, ZHANG Yaocun, HUANG Anning, LI Bo, 2013: Seasonal and Intraseasonal Variations of East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Simulated by a Regional Air-Sea Coupled Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 315-329.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1241-6
    [13] Yuhan YAN, Chaofan LI, Riyu LU, 2019: Meridional Displacement of the East Asian Upper-tropospheric Westerly Jet and Its Relationship with the East Asian Summer Rainfall in CMIP5 Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1203-1216.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9066-1
    [14] Congwen ZHU, Boqi LIU, Kang XU, Ning JIANG, Kai LIU, 2021: Diversity of the Coupling Wheels in the East Asian Summer Monsoon on the Interannual Time Scale: Challenge of Summer Rainfall Forecasting in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 546-554.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0199-z
    [15] Ronghui HUANG, Yong LIU, Zhencai DU, Jilong CHEN, Jingliang HUANGFU, 2017: Differences and Links between the East Asian and South Asian Summer Monsoon Systems: Characteristics and Variability, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 1204-1218.  doi: 10.1007/ s00376-017-7008-3
    [16] Huang Ronghui, Wu Bingyi, Sung-Gil Hong, Jai-Ho Oh, 2001: Sensitivity of Numerical Simulations of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Circulation to Different Cumulus Parameterization Schemes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 23-41.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0002-8
    [17] CAO Jie, LU Riyu, HU Jinming, WANG Hai, 2013: Spring Indian Ocean-Western Pacific SST Contrast and the East Asian Summer Rainfall Anomaly, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1560-1568.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2298-6
    [18] Chen SHENG, Bian HE, Guoxiong WU, Yimin LIU, Shaoyu ZHANG, 2022: Interannual Influences of the Surface Potential Vorticity Forcing over the Tibetan Plateau on East Asian Summer Rainfall, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1050-1061.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1218-4
    [19] Ruth GEEN, Marianne PIETSCHNIG, Shubhi AGRAWAL, Dipanjan DEY, F. Hugo LAMBERT, Geoffrey K. VALLIS, 2023: The Relationship between Model Biases in East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Land Evaporation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 2029-2042.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2297-1
    [20] WANG Yafei, Fujiyaoshi YASUSHI, Kato KURANOSHIN, 2003: A Teleconnection Pattern Related with the Development of the Okhotsk High and the Northward Progress of the Subtropical High in East Asian Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 237-244.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-003-0009-4
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 May 2006
    Manuscript revised: 10 May 2006
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    Simulations of the 100-hPa South Asian High and Precipitation over East Asia with IPCC Coupled GCMs

    • 1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093
    • Manuscript received: 2006-05-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2006-05-10

    Abstract: The South Asian High (SAH) and precipitation over East Asia simulated by 11 coupled GCMs associated with the forthcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report are evaluated. The seasonal behavior of the SAH is presented for each model. Analyses of the results show that all models are able to reproduce the seasonal cycle of the SAH. Locations of the SAH center are also basically reproduced by these models. All models underestimate the intensity and the extension of coverage in summer. The anomalous SAH can be divided into east and west modes according to its longitudinal position in summer on the interannual timescale, and the composite anomalies of the observed precipitation for these two modes tend to have opposite signs over East Asia. However, only several coupled GCMs can simulate the relationship between rainfall and SAH similar to the observed one, which may be associated with the bias in simulation of the subtropical anticyclone over the West Pacific (SAWP) at 500 hPa. In fact, it is found that any coupled GCM, that can reproduce the reasonable summer mean state of SAWP and the southward (northward) withdrawal (extension) for the east (west) mode of SAH as compared to the observed, will also simulate similar rainfall anomaly patterns for the east and west SAH modes over East Asia. Further analysis indicates that the observed variations in the SAH, SAWP and rainfall are closely related to the sea surface temperature (SST) over the equatorial tropical Pacific. Particularly, some models cannot simulate the SAWP extending northward in the west mode and withdrawing southward in the east mode, which may be related to weak major El Ni?no or La Ni?na events. The abilities of the coupled GCMs to simulate the SAWP and ENSO events are associated partly with their ability to reproduce the observed relationship between SAH and the rainfall anomaly over East Asia.

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