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Volume 23 Issue 4

Jul.  2006

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2006 >  23(4): 625-638

Modeling the Tropical Pacific Ocean Using a Regional Coupled Climate Model

  • 1.

    Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029


doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0625-x

  • A high-resolution tropical Pacific general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a global atmospheric GCM is described in this paper. The atmosphere component is the 5×4 global general circulation model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) with 9 levels in the vertical direction. The ocean component with a horizontal resolution of 0.5, is based on a low-resolution model (2 × 1 in longitude-latitude). Simulations of the ocean component are first compared with its previous version. Results show that the enhanced ocean horizontal resolution allows an improved ocean state to be simulated; this involves (1) an apparent decrease in errors in the tropical Pacific cold tongue region, which exists in many ocean models, (2) more realistic large-scale flows, and (3) an improved ability to simulate the interannual variability and a reduced root mean square error (RMSE) in a long time integration. In coupling these component models, a monthly “linear-regression” method is employed to correct the model’s exchanged flux between the sea and the atmosphere. A 100-year integration conducted with the coupled GCM (CGCM) shows the effectiveness of such a method in reducing climate drift. Results from years 70 to 100 are described. The model produces a reasonably realistic annual cycle of equatorial SST. The large SSTA is confined to the eastern equatorial Pacific with little propagation. Irregular warm and cold events alternate with a broad spectrum of periods between 24 and 50 months, which is very realistic. But the simulated variability is weaker than the observed and is also asymmetric in the sense of the amplitude of the warm and cold events.
  • [1] ZHENG Weipeng, YU Yongqiang, 2007: ENSO Phase-Locking in an Ocean-tmosphere Coupled Model FGCM-1.0, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 833-844.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0833-z
    [2] Yu Yongqiang, Yu Rucong, Zhang Xuehong, Liu Hailong, 2002: A Flexible Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 169-190.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0042-8
    [3] KANG Xianbiao, HUANG Ronghui, WANG Zhanggui, ZHANG Rong-Hua, 2014: Sensitivity of ENSO Variability to Pacific Freshwater Flux Adjustment in the Community Earth System Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1009-1021.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3232-2
    [4] LIU Zhengyu, WU Shu, ZHANG Shaoqing, LIU Yun, RONG Xinyao, , 2013: Ensemble Data Assimilation in a Simple Coupled Climate Model: The Role of Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1235-1248.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2268-z
    [5] Bo AN, Yongqiang YU, Qing BAO, Bian HE, Jinxiao LI, Yihua LUAN, Kangjun CHEN, Weipeng ZHENG, 2022: CAS FGOALS-f3-H Dataset for the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) Tier 2, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1873-1884.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2030-5
    [6] LIU Xiying, ZHANG Xuehong, YU Yongqiang, YU Rucong, 2004: Mean Climatic Characteristics in High Northern Latitudes in an Ocean-Sea Ice-Atmosphere Coupled Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 236-244.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915710
    [7] Se-Hwan YANG, LI Chaofan, and LU Riyu, 2014: Predictability of Winter Rainfall in South China as Demonstrated by the Coupled Models of ENSEMBLES, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 779-786.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3172-2
    [8] Yawen DUAN, Peili WU, Xiaolong CHEN, Zhuguo MA, 2018: Assessing Global Warming Induced Changes in Summer Rainfall Variability over Eastern China Using the Latest Hadley Centre Climate Model HadGEM3-GC2, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 1077-1093.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7264-x
    [9] WANG Zhiren, WU Dexing, CHEN Xue'en, QIAO Ran, 2013: ENSO Indices and Analyses, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1491-1506.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2238-x
    [10] Seung-Woo LEE, Dong-Kyou LEE, Dong-Eon CHANG, 2011: Impact of Horizontal Resolution and Cumulus Parameterization Scheme on the Simulation of Heavy Rainfall Events over the Korean Peninsula, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1-15.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9217-x
    [11] Zhou Tianjun, Yu Rucong, Li Zhaoxin, 2002: ENSO-Dependent and ENSO-Independent Variability over the Mid-Latitude North Pacific: Observation and Air-Sea Coupled Model Simulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 1127-1147.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0070-4
    [12] Xinyi XING, Xianghui FANG, Da PANG, Chaopeng JI, 2024: Seasonal Variation of the Sea Surface Temperature Growth Rate of ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 465-477.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3005-x
    [13] Bin MU, Juhui REN, Shijin YUAN, Rong-Hua ZHANG, Lei CHEN, Chuan GAO, 2019: The Optimal Precursors for ENSO Events Depicted Using the Gradient-definition-based Method in an Intermediate Coupled Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1381-1392.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9040-y
    [14] ZHENG Fei, ZHU Jiang, Rong-Hua ZHANG, ZHOU Guangqing, 2006: Improved ENSO Forecasts by Assimilating Sea Surface Temperature Observations into an Intermediate Coupled Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 615-624.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0615-z
    [15] Xiaofei WU, Jiangyu MAO, 2019: Decadal Changes in Interannual Dependence of the Bay of Bengal Summer Monsoon Onset on ENSO Modulated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1404-1416.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9043-8
    [16] LI Gang*, LI Chongyin, TAN Yanke, and BAI Tao, 2014: The Interdecadal Changes of South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid-1990s and Their Connections with ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 66-84.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2280-3
    [17] Yuanhai FU, Zhongda LIN, Tao WANG, 2021: Simulated Relationship between Wintertime ENSO and East Asian Summer Rainfall: From CMIP3 to CMIP6, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 221-236.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0147-y
    [18] Yadi LI, Xichen LI, Juan FENG, Yi ZHOU, Wenzhu WANG, Yurong HOU, 2024: Uncertainties of ENSO-related Regional Hadley Circulation Anomalies within Eight Reanalysis Datasets, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 115-140.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3047-0
    [19] HUANG Ping, HUANG Ronghui, 2009: Delayed Atmospheric Temperature Response to ENSO SST: Role of High SST and the Western Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 343-351.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0343-2
    [20] FENG Juan*, CHEN Wen, 2014: Interference of the East Asian Winter Monsoon in the Impact of ENSO on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in Decaying Phases, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 344-354.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3118-8
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 July 2006
    Manuscript revised: 10 July 2006
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Modeling the Tropical Pacific Ocean Using a Regional Coupled Climate Model

    • 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
    • Manuscript received: 2006-07-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2006-07-10

    Abstract: A high-resolution tropical Pacific general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a global atmospheric GCM is described in this paper. The atmosphere component is the 5×4 global general circulation model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) with 9 levels in the vertical direction. The ocean component with a horizontal resolution of 0.5, is based on a low-resolution model (2 × 1 in longitude-latitude). Simulations of the ocean component are first compared with its previous version. Results show that the enhanced ocean horizontal resolution allows an improved ocean state to be simulated; this involves (1) an apparent decrease in errors in the tropical Pacific cold tongue region, which exists in many ocean models, (2) more realistic large-scale flows, and (3) an improved ability to simulate the interannual variability and a reduced root mean square error (RMSE) in a long time integration. In coupling these component models, a monthly “linear-regression” method is employed to correct the model’s exchanged flux between the sea and the atmosphere. A 100-year integration conducted with the coupled GCM (CGCM) shows the effectiveness of such a method in reducing climate drift. Results from years 70 to 100 are described. The model produces a reasonably realistic annual cycle of equatorial SST. The large SSTA is confined to the eastern equatorial Pacific with little propagation. Irregular warm and cold events alternate with a broad spectrum of periods between 24 and 50 months, which is very realistic. But the simulated variability is weaker than the observed and is also asymmetric in the sense of the amplitude of the warm and cold events.

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