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Volume 23 Issue 6

Nov.  2006

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2006 >  23(6): 925-939

Atmospheric Circulation Characteristics Associated with the Onset of Asian Summer Monsoon

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029


doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0925-1

  • The onset of the Asian summer monsoon has been a focus in the monsoon study for many years. In this paper, we study the variability and predictability of the Asian summer monsoon onset and demonstrate that this onset is associated with specific atmospheric circulation characteristics. The outbreak of the Asian summer monsoon is found to occur first over the southwestern part of the South China Sea (SCS) and the Malay Peninsula region, and the monsoon onset is closely related to intra-seasonal oscillations in the lower atmosphere. These intra-seasonal oscillations consist of two low-frequency vortex pairs, one located to the east of the Philippines and the other over the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. Prior to the Asian summer monsoon onset, a strong low-frequency westerly emerges over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the low-frequency vortex pair develops symmetrically along the equator. The formation and evolution of these low-frequency vortices are important and serve as a good indicator for the Asian summer monsoon onset. The relationship between the northward jumps of the westerly jet over East Asia and the Asian summer monsoon onset over SCS is investigated. It is shown that the northward jump of the westerly jet occurs twice during the transition from winter to summer and these jumps are closely related to the summer monsoon development. The first northward jump (from 25–28N to around 30N) occurs on 8 May on average, about 7 days ahead of the summer monsoon onset over the SCS. It is found that the reverse of meridional temperature gradient in the upper-middle troposphere (500–200 hPa) and the enhancement and northward movement of the subtropical jet in the Southern Hemispheric subtropics are responsible for the first northward jump of the westerly jet.
  • [1] LIN Zhongda, 2013: Impacts of two types of northward jumps of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream in midsummer on rainfall in eastern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1224-1234.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2105-9
    [2] SU Tonghua, XUE Feng*, ZHANG He, 2014: Simulating the Intraseasonal Variation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon by IAP AGCM4.0, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 570-580.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3029-8
    [3] Sining LING, Riyu LU, Hao LIU, Yali YANG, 2023: Interannual Meridional Displacement of the Upper-Tropospheric Westerly Jet over Western East Asia in Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1298-1308.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2279-8
    [4] Chaofan LI, Riyu LU, Nick DUNSTONE, Adam A. SCAIFE, Philip E. BETT, Fei ZHENG, 2021: The Seasonal Prediction of the Exceptional Yangtze River Rainfall in Summer 2020, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 2055-2066.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1092-0
    [5] XIONG Zhe, WANG Shuyu, ZENG Zhaomei, FU Congbin, 2003: Analysis of Simulated Heavy Rain over the Yangtze River Valley During 11-30 June 1998 Using RIEMS, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 815-824.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915407
    [6] Ying NA, Riyu LU, 2023: The Concurrent Record-breaking Rainfall over Northwest India and North China in September 2021, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 653-662.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2187-y
    [7] KUANG Xueyuan, ZHANG Yaocun, 2005: Seasonal Variation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Its Association with the Heating Field over East Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 831-840.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918683
    [8] ZHOU Baiquan, NIU Ruoyun, ZHAI Panmao, 2015: An Assessment of the Predictability of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Based on TIGGE Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 401-412.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4026-2
    [9] ZHANG Yaocun, HUANG Danqing, 2011: Has the East Asian Westerly Jet Experienced a Poleward Displacement in Recent Decades?, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1259-1265.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-9185-9
    [10] GUO Lanli, ZHANG Yaocun, WANG Bin, LI Lijuan, ZHOU Tianjun, BAO Qing, 2008: Simulations of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet by LASG/IAP AGCMs, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 447-457.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0447-0
    [11] LI Chaofan, LIN Zhongda, 2015: Predictability of the Summer East Asian Upper-Tropospheric Westerly Jet in ENSEMBLES Multi-Model Forecasts, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1669-1682.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5057-z
    [12] Xinyu LI, Riyu LU, Gen LI, 2021: Different Configurations of Interannual Variability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High and East Asian Westerly Jet in Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 931-942.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0339-0
    [13] LU Riyu, YE Hong, Jong-Ghap JHUN, 2011: Weakening of Interannual Variability in the Summer East Asian Upper-tropospheric Westerly Jet since the Mid-1990s, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1246-1258.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0222-5
    [14] Ni Yunqi, Zhang Qin, Lin Wuyin, 1991: Seasonal Characteristics and Interannual Variability of Monthly Scale Low-Frequency Oscillation in a Low-Order Global Spectral Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 8, 307-316.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919613
    [15] HE Jinhai, YU Jingjing, SHEN Xinyong, 2007: Impacts of SST and SST Anomalies on Low-Frequency Oscillation in the Tropical Atmosphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 377-382.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0377-2
    [16] Fu Congbin, Ye Duzheng, 1988: THE TROPICAL VERY LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON INTERANNUAL SCALE, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 5, 369-388.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656760
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    [18] Yuhan YAN, Chaofan LI, Riyu LU, 2019: Meridional Displacement of the East Asian Upper-tropospheric Westerly Jet and Its Relationship with the East Asian Summer Rainfall in CMIP5 Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1203-1216.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9066-1
    [19] Xiaowei HONG, Riyu LU, Shuanglin LI, 2018: Asymmetric Relationship between the Meridional Displacement of the Asian Westerly Jet and the Silk Road Pattern, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 389-397.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-6320-2
    [20] Zhongda LIN, Yuanhai FU, Riyu LU, 2019: Intermodel Diversity in the Zonal Location of the Climatological East Asian Westerly Jet Core in Summer and Association with Rainfall over East Asia in CMIP5 Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 614-622.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8221-z
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 November 2006
    Manuscript revised: 10 November 2006
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Atmospheric Circulation Characteristics Associated with the Onset of Asian Summer Monsoon

    • 1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
    • Manuscript received: 2006-11-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2006-11-10

    Abstract: The onset of the Asian summer monsoon has been a focus in the monsoon study for many years. In this paper, we study the variability and predictability of the Asian summer monsoon onset and demonstrate that this onset is associated with specific atmospheric circulation characteristics. The outbreak of the Asian summer monsoon is found to occur first over the southwestern part of the South China Sea (SCS) and the Malay Peninsula region, and the monsoon onset is closely related to intra-seasonal oscillations in the lower atmosphere. These intra-seasonal oscillations consist of two low-frequency vortex pairs, one located to the east of the Philippines and the other over the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. Prior to the Asian summer monsoon onset, a strong low-frequency westerly emerges over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the low-frequency vortex pair develops symmetrically along the equator. The formation and evolution of these low-frequency vortices are important and serve as a good indicator for the Asian summer monsoon onset. The relationship between the northward jumps of the westerly jet over East Asia and the Asian summer monsoon onset over SCS is investigated. It is shown that the northward jump of the westerly jet occurs twice during the transition from winter to summer and these jumps are closely related to the summer monsoon development. The first northward jump (from 25–28N to around 30N) occurs on 8 May on average, about 7 days ahead of the summer monsoon onset over the SCS. It is found that the reverse of meridional temperature gradient in the upper-middle troposphere (500–200 hPa) and the enhancement and northward movement of the subtropical jet in the Southern Hemispheric subtropics are responsible for the first northward jump of the westerly jet.

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