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Volume 24 Issue 3

May  2007

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2007 >  24(3): 409-420

Moisture Analysis of a Squall Line Case Based on Precipitable Water Vapor Data from a Ground-Based GPS Network in the Yangtze River Delta

  • 1.

    Shanghai Meteorological Center, Shanghai 200030; Shanghai Remote Sensing and Measurement Application Center,Shanghai Remote Sensing and Measurement Application Center,Shanghai Remote Sensing and Measurement Application Center,Shanghai Meteorological Center, Shanghai 200030,Shanghai Meteorological Center, Shanghai 200030,Shanghai Typhoon Institute, Shanghai 200030,National Center for Atmospheric Research, CO, USA


doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0409-y

  • A squall line swept eastward across the area of the Yangtze River Delta and produced gusty winds and heavy rain from the afternoon to the evening of 24 August 2002. In this paper, the roles of moisture in the genesis and development of the squall line were studied. Based on the precipitable water vapor (PWV) data from a ground-based GPS network over the Yangtze River Delta in China, plus data from a Pennsylvania State University/National Atmospheric Center (PSU/NCAR) mesoscale model (MM5) simulation, initialized by three-dimensional variational (3D-VAR) assimilation of the PWV data, some interesting features are revealed. During the 12 hours prior to the squall line arriving in the Shanghai area, a significant increase in PWV indicates a favorable moist environment for a squall line to develop. The vertical profile of the moisture illustrates that it mainly increased in the middle levels of the troposphere, and not at the surface. Temporal variation in PWV is a better precursor for squall line development than other surface meteorological parameters. The characteristics of the horizontal distribution of PWV not only indicated a favorable moist environment, but also evolved a cyclonic wind field for a squall line genesis and development. The ``+2 mm" contours of the three-hourly PWV variation can be used successfully to predict the location of the squall line two hours later.
  • [1] WU Xue*, WANG Xin, and LÜ Daren, 2014: Retrieval of Vertical Distribution of Tropospheric Refractivity through Ground-Based GPS Observation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 37-47.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2215-z
    [2] Xingchao CHEN, Kun ZHAO, Juanzhen SUN, Bowen ZHOU, Wen-Chau LEE, 2016: Assimilating Surface Observations in a Four-Dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Data Assimilation System to Improve the Analysis and Forecast of a Squall Line Case, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1106-1119.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5290-0
    [3] Sun Tingkai, Tan Zhemin, 2001: Numerical Simulation Study for the Structure and Evolution of Tropical Squall Line, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 117-138.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0008-2
    [4] WU Duochang, MENG Zhiyong, YAN Dachun, 2013: The Predictability of a Squall Line in South China on 23 April 2007, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 485-502.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2076-x
    [5] LIU Lu, RAN Lingkun, SUN Xiaogong, 2015: Analysis of the Structure and Propagation of a Simulated Squall Line on 14 June 2009, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1049-1062.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4100-9
    [6] Xin LI, Mingjian ZENG, Yuan WANG, Wenlan WANG, Haiying WU, Haixia MEI, 2016: Evaluation of Two Momentum Control Variable Schemes and Their Impact on the Variational Assimilation of Radar Wind Data: Case Study of a Squall Line, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1143-1157.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5255-3
    [7] Shaowu BAO, Lian XIE, Sethu RAMAN, 2004: A Numerical Study of a TOGA-COARE Squall-Line Using a Coupled Mesoscale Atmosphere-Ocean Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 708-716.  doi: 10.1007/BF02916368
    [8] Lingkun RAN, Changsheng CHEN, 2016: Diagnosis of the Forcing of Inertial-gravity Waves in a Severe Convection System, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1271-1284.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5292-y
    [9] LIU Liping, ZHUANG Wei, ZHANG Pengfei, MU Rong, 2010: Convective Scale Structure and Evolution of a Squall Line Observed by C-Band Dual Doppler Radar in an Arid Region of Northwestern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1099-1109.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8217-1
    [10] Yujie PAN, Mingjun WANG, 2019: Impact of the Assimilation Frequency of Radar Data with the ARPS 3DVar and Cloud Analysis System on Forecasts of a Squall Line in Southern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 160-172.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8087-5
    [11] ZHANG Meng, NI Yunqi, ZHANG Fuqing, 2007: Variational Assimilation of GPS Precipitable Water Vapor and Hourly Rainfall Observations for a Meso- Scale Heavy Precipitation Event During the 2002 Mei-Yu Season, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 509-526.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0509-8
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    [15] Man-Yau CHAN, Xingchao CHEN, 2022: Improving the Analyses and Forecasts of a Tropical Squall Line Using Upper Tropospheric Infrared Satellite Observations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 733-746.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0449-8
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 May 2007
    Manuscript revised: 10 May 2007
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    Moisture Analysis of a Squall Line Case Based on Precipitable Water Vapor Data from a Ground-Based GPS Network in the Yangtze River Delta

    • 1. Shanghai Meteorological Center, Shanghai 200030; Shanghai Remote Sensing and Measurement Application Center,Shanghai Remote Sensing and Measurement Application Center,Shanghai Remote Sensing and Measurement Application Center,Shanghai Meteorological Center, Shanghai 200030,Shanghai Meteorological Center, Shanghai 200030,Shanghai Typhoon Institute, Shanghai 200030,National Center for Atmospheric Research, CO, USA
    • Manuscript received: 2007-05-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2007-05-10

    Abstract: A squall line swept eastward across the area of the Yangtze River Delta and produced gusty winds and heavy rain from the afternoon to the evening of 24 August 2002. In this paper, the roles of moisture in the genesis and development of the squall line were studied. Based on the precipitable water vapor (PWV) data from a ground-based GPS network over the Yangtze River Delta in China, plus data from a Pennsylvania State University/National Atmospheric Center (PSU/NCAR) mesoscale model (MM5) simulation, initialized by three-dimensional variational (3D-VAR) assimilation of the PWV data, some interesting features are revealed. During the 12 hours prior to the squall line arriving in the Shanghai area, a significant increase in PWV indicates a favorable moist environment for a squall line to develop. The vertical profile of the moisture illustrates that it mainly increased in the middle levels of the troposphere, and not at the surface. Temporal variation in PWV is a better precursor for squall line development than other surface meteorological parameters. The characteristics of the horizontal distribution of PWV not only indicated a favorable moist environment, but also evolved a cyclonic wind field for a squall line genesis and development. The ``+2 mm" contours of the three-hourly PWV variation can be used successfully to predict the location of the squall line two hours later.

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