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A Numerical Study on the Winter Monsoon and Cold Surge over East Asia


doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0664-y

  • By using the improved regional climate model (RegCM\_NCC), a numerical study has been undertaken for the East Asia region over a period of 5 years (1998--2002) in an effort to evaluate the model's ability to reproduce the winter monsoon conditions that were observed. The results showed that the model can successfully simulate the basic characteristics of the winter monsoon circulations, including the location and intensity of the cold-surface, high-pressure system, as well as the wind patterns and the intensity of the winter monsoon. The simulated occurrence frequency and regions of the cold surge were consistent with the observations. The simulated rainfall distribution over China was consistent with the observations collected in South China. The features of the simulated moisture transport were also in good agreement with the observations that were derived from the NCEP reanalysis data, indicating that moisture transport coming from the Bay of Bengal trough plays a crucial role in supplying moisture needed for precipitation in South China. In addition, the moisture transport coming from the near-equatorial west-Pacific was also important. These two branches of moisture transport converged in South China, as a prerequisite for occurrence of the precipitation that was observed there. Heat budgets have shown that the development of a heat sink over the East Asian continent was remarkable and its thermal contrast relative to the neighboring seas was the important forcing factor for the winter monsoon activity. The simulation also indicated that the significant differences in circulation patterns and rainfalls during the winters of 1997/98 and 1998/99 were affected by cold and warm ENSO events, respectively. The above analysis demonstrated the model's ability to simulate the East Asian winter monsoon.
  • [1] Tae-Won PARK, Jee-Hoon JEONG, Chang-Hoi HO, Seong-Joong KIM, 2008: Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Cold Surge Occurrences in East Asia: A Case Study During 2005/06 Winter, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 791-804.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0791-0
    [2] FENG Juan*, CHEN Wen, 2014: Interference of the East Asian Winter Monsoon in the Impact of ENSO on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in Decaying Phases, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 344-354.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3118-8
    [3] WEI Ke, CHEN Wen, ZHOU Wen, 2011: Changes in the East Asian Cold Season since 2000, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 69-79.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9232-y
    [4] Sang-Boom RYOO, Won-Tae KWON, Jong-Ghap JHUN, 2005: Surface and Upper-Level Features Associated with Wintertime Cold Surge Outbreaks in South Korea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 509-524.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918484
    [5] Cheng Anning, Chen Wen, Huang Ronghui, 1998: The Sensitivity of Numerical Simulation of the East Asian Monsoon to Different Cumulus Parameterization Schemes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 15, 204-220.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0040-6
    [6] YANG Jing, BAO Qing, JI Duoying, GONG Daoyi, MAO Rui, ZHANG Ziyin, Seong-Joong KIM, 2014: Simulation and Causes of Eastern Antarctica Surface Cooling Related to Ozone Depletion during Austral Summer in FGOALS-s2, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1147-1156.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3144-1
    [7] Lin Zhaohui, Zeng Qingcun, 1997: Simulation of East Asian Summer Monsoon by Using an Improved AGCM, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 513-526.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0069-y
    [8] Chen Wen, Hans-F. Graf, Huang Ronghui, 2000: The Interannual Variability of East Asian Winter Monsoon and Its Relation to the Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 48-60.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0042-5
    [9] YAN Hongming, YANG Hui, YUAN Yuan, LI Chongyin, 2011: Relationship Between East Asian Winter Monsoon and Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1345-1356.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0014-y
    [10] LI Fei, WANG Huijun, 2012: Predictability of the East Asian Winter Monsoon Interannual Variability as Indicated by the DEMETER CGCMS, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 441-454.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-1115-3
    [11] Se-Hwan YANG, LU Riyu, 2014: Predictability of the East Asian Winter Monsoon Indices by the Coupled Models of ENSEMBLES, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1279-1292.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4020-8
    [12] ZENG Gang, Wei-Chyung WANG, SUN Zhaobo, LI Zhongxian, 2011: Atmospheric Circulation Cells Associated with Anomalous East Asian Winter Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 913-926.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0100-6
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    [15] CHENG Xue-Ling, HUANG Jian, WU Lin, ZENG Qing-Cun, 2015: Structures and Characteristics of the Windy Atmospheric Boundary Layer in the South China Sea Region during Cold Surges, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 772-782.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4228-7
    [16] Li Ma, Zhigang Wei, Xianru Li, Shuting Wu, 2024: Future changes in various cold surges over China in CMIP6 projection, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3220-5
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Manuscript received: 10 July 2007
Manuscript revised: 10 July 2007
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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A Numerical Study on the Winter Monsoon and Cold Surge over East Asia

  • 1. Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081,Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081,Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044

Abstract: By using the improved regional climate model (RegCM\_NCC), a numerical study has been undertaken for the East Asia region over a period of 5 years (1998--2002) in an effort to evaluate the model's ability to reproduce the winter monsoon conditions that were observed. The results showed that the model can successfully simulate the basic characteristics of the winter monsoon circulations, including the location and intensity of the cold-surface, high-pressure system, as well as the wind patterns and the intensity of the winter monsoon. The simulated occurrence frequency and regions of the cold surge were consistent with the observations. The simulated rainfall distribution over China was consistent with the observations collected in South China. The features of the simulated moisture transport were also in good agreement with the observations that were derived from the NCEP reanalysis data, indicating that moisture transport coming from the Bay of Bengal trough plays a crucial role in supplying moisture needed for precipitation in South China. In addition, the moisture transport coming from the near-equatorial west-Pacific was also important. These two branches of moisture transport converged in South China, as a prerequisite for occurrence of the precipitation that was observed there. Heat budgets have shown that the development of a heat sink over the East Asian continent was remarkable and its thermal contrast relative to the neighboring seas was the important forcing factor for the winter monsoon activity. The simulation also indicated that the significant differences in circulation patterns and rainfalls during the winters of 1997/98 and 1998/99 were affected by cold and warm ENSO events, respectively. The above analysis demonstrated the model's ability to simulate the East Asian winter monsoon.

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