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Volume 25 Issue 4

Jul.  2008

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2008 >  25(4): 585-596

Effect of Chlorophyll-a Spatial Distribution on Upper Ocean Temperature in the Central and Eastern Equatorial Pacific

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029;State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029


doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0585-4

  • Effect of the spatial distributions of chlorophyll-a concentration on upper ocean temperature and currents in the equatorial Pacific is investigated through a set of numerical experiments by using an ocean general circulation model. This study indicates that enhanced meridional gradient of chlorophyll-a between the equator and off-equatorial regions can strengthen zonal circulation and lead to a decrease in equatorial sea surface temperature (SST). However, the circulation changes by themselves are not effective enough to affect SST in the equatorial cold tongue (CT) region. The comparison between the experiments indicates that the CT SST are more sensitive to chlorophyll-a distribution away from the equator. The off-equatorial chlorophyll-a traps more solar radiation in the mixed layer, therefore, the temperature in the thermocline decreases. The cold water can then be transported to the equator by the meridional circulation within the mixed layer. Furthermore, the relation among CT SST, the surface heat flux, and the equatorial upwelling are discussed. The study implies the simulation biases of temperature on the equator are not only related to the local ocean dynamics but also related to some deficiency in simulating off-equatorial processes.
  • [1] LIN Pengfei, LIU Hailong, ZHANG Xuehong, 2007: Sensitivity of the Upper Ocean Temperature and Circulation in the Equatorial Pacific to Solar Radiation Penetration Due to Phytoplankton, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 765-780.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0765-7
    [2] HU Dingzhu, TIAN Wenshou, XIE Fei, SHU Jianchuan, and Sandip DHOMSE, , 2014: Effects of Meridional Sea Surface Temperature Changes on Stratospheric Temperature and Circulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 888-900.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3152-6
    [3] Xiangdong ZHANG, Yunfei FU, Zhe HAN, James E. OVERLAND, Annette RINKE, Han TANG, Timo VIHMA, Muyin WANG, 2022: Extreme Cold Events from East Asia to North America in Winter 2020/21: Comparisons, Causes, and Future Implications, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 553-565.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1229-1
    [4] Yueliang CHEN, Changxiang YAN, Jiang ZHU, 2018: Assimilation of Sea Surface Temperature in a Global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 1291-1304.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7284-6
    [5] SUN Jianqi, YUAN Wei, 2009: Contribution of the Sea Surface Temperature over the Mediterranean-Black Sea to the Decadal Shift of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 717-726.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8210-8
    [6] Jiangyu MAO, Ming WANG, 2018: The 30-60-day Intraseasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the South China Sea during May-September, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 550-566.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-7127-x
    [7] Li Wei, Yu Rucong, Zhang Xuehong, 2001: Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Pacific on Interannual Variability of Madden-Julian Oscillation in Precipitation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 429-444.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919322
    [8] Xue Feng, 2001: Interannual to Interdecadal Variation of East Asian Summer Monsoon and its Association with the Global Atmospheric Circulation and Sea Surface Temperature, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 567-575.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0045-x
    [9] Shuai WANG, Ralf TOUMI, 2018: Reduced Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size to Sea Surface Temperature in a Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Environment, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 981-993.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7277-5
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    [11] Wenjing SHI, Ziniu XIAO, Jianjun XUE, 2016: Teleconnected Influence of the Boreal Winter Antarctic Oscillation on the Somali Jet: Bridging Role of Sea Surface Temperature in Southern High and Middle Latitudes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 47-57.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5094-7
    [12] ZHAO Xia, LI Jianping, 2009: Possible Causes for the Persistence Barrier of SSTA in the South China Sea and the Vicinity of Indonesia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1125-1136.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8165-9
    [13] LIN Pengfei, LIU Hailong, YU Yongqiang, ZHANG Xuehong, 2011: Response of Sea Surface Temperature to Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Tropical Pacific: Annual Mean, Seasonal Cycle, and Interannual Variability, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 492-510.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0015-2
    [14] Bohua Huang, James L. Kinter III, Paul S. Schopf, 2002: Ocean Data Assimilation Using Intermittent Analyses and Continuous Model Error Correction, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 965-992.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0059-z
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 July 2008
    Manuscript revised: 10 July 2008
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Effect of Chlorophyll-a Spatial Distribution on Upper Ocean Temperature in the Central and Eastern Equatorial Pacific

    • 1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029;State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029
    • Manuscript received: 2008-07-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2008-07-10

    Abstract: Effect of the spatial distributions of chlorophyll-a concentration on upper ocean temperature and currents in the equatorial Pacific is investigated through a set of numerical experiments by using an ocean general circulation model. This study indicates that enhanced meridional gradient of chlorophyll-a between the equator and off-equatorial regions can strengthen zonal circulation and lead to a decrease in equatorial sea surface temperature (SST). However, the circulation changes by themselves are not effective enough to affect SST in the equatorial cold tongue (CT) region. The comparison between the experiments indicates that the CT SST are more sensitive to chlorophyll-a distribution away from the equator. The off-equatorial chlorophyll-a traps more solar radiation in the mixed layer, therefore, the temperature in the thermocline decreases. The cold water can then be transported to the equator by the meridional circulation within the mixed layer. Furthermore, the relation among CT SST, the surface heat flux, and the equatorial upwelling are discussed. The study implies the simulation biases of temperature on the equator are not only related to the local ocean dynamics but also related to some deficiency in simulating off-equatorial processes.

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