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Volume 25 Issue 5

Sep.  2008

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2008 >  25(5): 709-722

Sensitivity of East Asian Climate to the Progressive Uplift and Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau Under the Mid-Pliocene Boundary Conditions

  • 1.

    Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany;Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Bergen N-5006, Norway;Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029; Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Bergen N-5006, Norway


doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0709-x

  • A global atmospheric general circulation model has been used to perform eleven idealized numerical experiments, i.e., TP00, TP10, ..., TP100, corresponding to different percentages of the Tibetan Plateau altitude. The aim is to explore the sensitivity of East Asian climate to the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau under the reconstructed boundary conditions for the mid-Pliocene about 3 Ma ago. When the plateau is progressively uplifted, global annual surface temperature is gradually declined and statistically significant cooling signals emerge only in the Northern Hemisphere, especially over and around the Tibetan Plateau, with larger magnitudes over land than over the oceans. On the contrary, annual surface temperature rises notably over Central Asia and most parts of Africa, as well as over northeasternmost Eurasia in the experiments TP60 to TP100. Meanwhile, the plateau uplift also leads to annual precipitation augmentation over the Tibetan Plateau but a reduction in northern Asia, the Indian Peninsula, much of Central Asia, parts of western Asia and the southern portions of northeastern Europe. Additionally, it is found that an East Asian summer monsoon system similar to that of the present initially exists in the TP60 and is gradually intensified with the continued plateau uplift. At 850 hPa the plateau uplift induces an anomalous cyclonic circulation around the Tibetan Plateau in summertime and two anomalous westerly currents respectively located to the south and north of the Tibetan Plateau in wintertime. In the mid-troposphere, similar-to-modern spatial pattern of summertime western North Pacific subtropical high is only exhibited in the experiments TP60 to TP100, and the East Asian trough is steadily deepened in response to the progressive uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau.
  • [1] HUANG Ping, WANG Pengfei, HU Kaiming, HUANG Gang, ZHANG Zhihua, LIU Yong, YAN Bangliang, 2014: An Introduction to the Integrated Climate Model of the Center for Monsoon System Research and Its Simulated Influence of El Nio on East Asian-Western North Pacific Climate, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1136-1146.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3233-1
    [2] ZHANG Ran, JIANG Dabang, 2014: Impact of Vegetation Feedback on the Mid-Pliocene Warm Climate, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1407-1416.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4015-5
    [3] ZHANG Ran, JIANG Dabang, ZHANG Zhongshi, 2015: Causes of Mid-Pliocene Strengthened Summer and Weakened Winter Monsoons over East Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1016-1026.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4183-3
    [4] Jianping LI, Fei ZHENG, Cheng SUN, Juan FENG, Jing WANG, 2019: Pathways of Influence of the Northern Hemisphere Mid-high Latitudes on East Asian Climate: A Review, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 902-921.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8236-5
    [5] FANG Yongjie, ZHANG Yaocun, TANG Jianping, REN Xuejuan, 2010: A Regional Air--Sea Coupled Model and Its Application over East Asia in the Summer of 2000, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 583-593.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8203-7
    [6] JIN Liya, WANG Huijun, CHEN Fahu, JIANG Dabang, 2006: A Possible Impact of Cooling over the Tibetan Plateau on the Mid-Holocene East Asian Monsoon Climate, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 543-550.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0543-y
    [7] LI Xiangyu, JIANG Dabang, ZHANG Zhongshi, ZHANG Ran, TIAN Zhiping, YAN Qing, 2015: Mid-Pliocene Westerlies from PlioMIP Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 909-923.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4171-7
    [8] DUAN Anmin, WU Guoxiong, LIANG Xiaoyun, 2008: Influence of the Tibetan Plateau on the Summer Climate Patterns over Asia in the IAP/LASG SAMIL Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 518-528.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0518-2
    [9] LIU Ge, WU Renguang, ZHANG Yuanzhi, and NAN Sulan, 2014: The Summer Snow Cover Anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Association with Simultaneous Precipitation over the Mei-yu-Baiu region, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 755-764.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3183-z
    [10] DUAN Anmin, WU Guoxiong, LIU Yimin, MA Yaoming, ZHAO Ping, 2012: Weather and Climate Effects of the Tibetan Plateau, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 978-992.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1220-y
    [11] LIU Yimin, BAO Qing, DUAN Anmin, QIAN Zheng'an, WU Guoxiong, 2007: Recent Progress in the Impact of the Tibetan Plateau on Climate in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 1060-1076.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-1060-3
    [12] Liang HU, Zhian SUN, Difei DENG, Greg ROFF, 2019: Evaluation of Summer Monsoon Clouds over the Tibetan Plateau Simulated in the ACCESS Model Using Satellite Products, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 326-338.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7301-9
    [13] LIU Huaqiang, SUN Zhaobo, WANG Ju, MIN Jinzhong, 2004: A Modeling Study of the Effects of Anomalous Snow Cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 964-975.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915598
    [14] Junhua YANG, Shichang KANG, Yuling HU, Xintong CHEN, Mukesh RAI, 2022: Influence of South Asian Biomass Burning on Ozone and Aerosol Concentrations Over the Tibetan Plateau, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1184-1197.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1197-0
    [15] BIAN Jianchun, YAN Renchang, CHEN Hongbin, Lu Daren, Steven T. MASSIE, 2011: Formation of the Summertime Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau: The Asian Summer Monsoon and Air Column Variations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1318-1325.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0174-9
    [16] Guoxiong WU, Bian HE, Anmin DUAN, Yimin LIU, Wei YU, 2017: Formation and Variation of the Atmospheric Heat Source over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Climate Effects, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 1169-1184.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-7014-5
    [17] Ting HUA, Xunming WANG, 2018: Temporal and Spatial Variations in the Climate Controls of Vegetation Dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau during 1982-2011, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 1337-1346.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7064-3
    [18] Binghao JIA, Xin LUO, Longhuan WANG, Xin LAI, 2023: Changes in Water Use Efficiency Caused by Climate Change, CO2 Fertilization, and Land Use Changes on the Tibetan Plateau, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 144-154.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2172-5
    [19] Min ZHAO, Tie DAI, Hao WANG, Qing BAO, Yimin LIU, Hua ZHANG, Guangyu SHI, 2022: Simulating Aerosol Optical Depth and Direct Radiative Effects over the Tibetan Plateau with a High-Resolution CAS FGOALS-f3 Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 2137-2155.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1424-8
    [20] XIN Xiaoge, ZHOU Tianjun, YU Rucong, 2010: Increased Tibetan Plateau Snow Depth：An Indicator of the Connection between Enhanced Winter NAO and Late-Spring Tropospheric Cooling over East Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 788-794.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9071-x
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 September 2008
    Manuscript revised: 10 September 2008
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Sensitivity of East Asian Climate to the Progressive Uplift and Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau Under the Mid-Pliocene Boundary Conditions

    • 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany;Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Bergen N-5006, Norway;Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029; Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Bergen N-5006, Norway
    • Manuscript received: 2008-09-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2008-09-10

    Abstract: A global atmospheric general circulation model has been used to perform eleven idealized numerical experiments, i.e., TP00, TP10, ..., TP100, corresponding to different percentages of the Tibetan Plateau altitude. The aim is to explore the sensitivity of East Asian climate to the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau under the reconstructed boundary conditions for the mid-Pliocene about 3 Ma ago. When the plateau is progressively uplifted, global annual surface temperature is gradually declined and statistically significant cooling signals emerge only in the Northern Hemisphere, especially over and around the Tibetan Plateau, with larger magnitudes over land than over the oceans. On the contrary, annual surface temperature rises notably over Central Asia and most parts of Africa, as well as over northeasternmost Eurasia in the experiments TP60 to TP100. Meanwhile, the plateau uplift also leads to annual precipitation augmentation over the Tibetan Plateau but a reduction in northern Asia, the Indian Peninsula, much of Central Asia, parts of western Asia and the southern portions of northeastern Europe. Additionally, it is found that an East Asian summer monsoon system similar to that of the present initially exists in the TP60 and is gradually intensified with the continued plateau uplift. At 850 hPa the plateau uplift induces an anomalous cyclonic circulation around the Tibetan Plateau in summertime and two anomalous westerly currents respectively located to the south and north of the Tibetan Plateau in wintertime. In the mid-troposphere, similar-to-modern spatial pattern of summertime western North Pacific subtropical high is only exhibited in the experiments TP60 to TP100, and the East Asian trough is steadily deepened in response to the progressive uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau.

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