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Volume 25 Issue 6

Nov.  2008

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2008 >  25(6): 1043-1052

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agro-Ecosystems and Their Contribution to Environmental Change in the Indus Basin of Pakistan

  • 1.

    Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), National Centre for Physics (NCP) Complex, Quaid-e-Azam University, P.O. QAU-45320, Islamabad, Pakistan;Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), National Centre for Physics (NCP) Complex, Quaid-e-Azam University, P.O. QAU-45320, Islamabad, Pakistan


doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-1043-z

  • There is growing concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been responsible for global warming through their effect on radiation balance and temperature. The magnitude of emissions and the relative importance of different sources vary widely, regionally and locally. The Indus Basin of Pakistan is the food basket of the country and agricultural activities are vulnerable to the effects of global warming due to accelerated emissions of GHGs. Many developments have taken place in the agricultural sector of Pakistan in recent decades in the background of the changing role of the government and the encouragement of the private sector for investment in new ventures. These interventions have considerable GHG emission potential. Unfortunately, no published information is currently available on GHG concentrations in the Indus Basin to assess their magnitude and emission trends. The present study is an attempt to estimate GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O) emissions arising from different agro-ecosystems of Indus Basin. The GHGs were estimated mostly using the IPCC Guidelines and data from the published literature. The results showed that CH$_4$ emissions were the highest (4.126 Tg yr-1) followed by N2O (0.265 Tg yr-1) and CO2 (52.6 Tg yr-1). The sources of CH$_4$ are enteric fermentation, rice cultivation and cultivation of other crops. N2O is formed by microbial denitrification of NO3 produced from applied fertilizer-N on cropped soils or by mineralization of native organic matter on fallow soils. CO2 is formed by the burning of plant residue and by soil respiration due to the decomposition of soil organic matter.
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 November 2008
    Manuscript revised: 10 November 2008
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agro-Ecosystems and Their Contribution to Environmental Change in the Indus Basin of Pakistan

    • 1. Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), National Centre for Physics (NCP) Complex, Quaid-e-Azam University, P.O. QAU-45320, Islamabad, Pakistan;Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), National Centre for Physics (NCP) Complex, Quaid-e-Azam University, P.O. QAU-45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
    • Manuscript received: 2008-11-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2008-11-10

    Abstract: There is growing concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been responsible for global warming through their effect on radiation balance and temperature. The magnitude of emissions and the relative importance of different sources vary widely, regionally and locally. The Indus Basin of Pakistan is the food basket of the country and agricultural activities are vulnerable to the effects of global warming due to accelerated emissions of GHGs. Many developments have taken place in the agricultural sector of Pakistan in recent decades in the background of the changing role of the government and the encouragement of the private sector for investment in new ventures. These interventions have considerable GHG emission potential. Unfortunately, no published information is currently available on GHG concentrations in the Indus Basin to assess their magnitude and emission trends. The present study is an attempt to estimate GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O) emissions arising from different agro-ecosystems of Indus Basin. The GHGs were estimated mostly using the IPCC Guidelines and data from the published literature. The results showed that CH$_4$ emissions were the highest (4.126 Tg yr-1) followed by N2O (0.265 Tg yr-1) and CO2 (52.6 Tg yr-1). The sources of CH$_4$ are enteric fermentation, rice cultivation and cultivation of other crops. N2O is formed by microbial denitrification of NO3 produced from applied fertilizer-N on cropped soils or by mineralization of native organic matter on fallow soils. CO2 is formed by the burning of plant residue and by soil respiration due to the decomposition of soil organic matter.

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