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Volume 27 Issue 2

Mar.  2010

Article Contents
Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2010 >  27(2): 356-370

Mesoscale Vortex Generation and Merging Process: A Case Study Associated with a Post-Landfall Tropical Depression

  • 1.

    Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030,Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030,Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030,Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong


doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8091-x

  • An observational analysis of satellite blackbody temperature (TBB) data and radar images suggests that the mesoscale vortex generation and merging process appeared to be essential for a tropical-depression-related heavy rain event in Shanghai, China. A numerical simulation reproduced the observed mesoscale vortex generation and merging process and the corresponding rain pattern, and then the model outputs were used to study the related dynamics through diagnosing the potential vorticity (PV) equation. The tropical depression (TD) was found to weaken first at lower levels and then at upper levels due to negative horizontal PV advection and diabatic heating effects. The meso-vortices developed gradually, also from the lower to the upper levels, as a result of positive horizontal PV advection and diabatic heating effects in the downshear left quadrant of the TD. One of these newly-generated vortices, V1, replaced the TD ultimately, while the other two, V2 and V3, merged due to the horizontal PV advection process. Together with the redevelopment of V1, the merging of V2 and V3 triggered the very heavy rain in Shanghai.
  • [1] Ghulam RASUL, Qamar-uz-Zaman CHAUDHRY, ZHAO Sixiong, ZENG Qingcun, QI Linlin, ZHANG Gaoying, 2005: A Diagnostic Study of Heavy Rainfall in Karachi Due to Merging of a Mesoscale Low and a Diffused Tropical Depression during South Asian Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 375-391.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918751
    [2] Daeun JEONG, Ki-Hong MIN, Gyuwon LEE, and Kyung-Eak KIM, 2014: A Case Study of Mesoscale Convective Band (MCB) Development and Evolution along a Quasi-stationary Front, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 901-915.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3089-9
    [3] Xiuping YAO, Qin ZHANG, Xiao ZHANG, 2020: Potential Vorticity Diagnostic Analysis on the Impact of the Easterlies Vortex on the Short-term Movement of the Subtropical Anticyclone over the Western Pacific in the Mei-yu Period, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 1019-1031.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9271-y
    [4] Xu Liren, Zhao Ming, 2000: The Influences of Boundary Layer Parameterization Schemes on Mesoscale Heavy Rain System, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 458-472.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0036-3
    [5] Shou Shaowen, Liu Yaohui, 1999: Study on Moist Potential Vorticity and Symmetric Instability during a Heavy Rain Event Occurred in the Jiang-Huai Valleys, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 314-321.  doi: 10.1007/BF02973091
    [6] Huiyan XU, Xiaofan LI, Jinfang YIN, Dengrong ZHANG, 2023: Predecessor Rain Events in the Yangtze River Delta Region Associated with South China Sea and Northwest Pacific Ocean (SCS-WNPO) Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1021-1042.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2069-3
    [7] Zhao Qiang, Liu Shikuo, 1999: Simplification of Potential Vorcticity and Mesoscale Quasi-balanced Dynamics Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 304-313.  doi: 10.1007/BF02973090
    [8] JIANG Yongqiang, WANG Yuan, HUANG Hong, 2012: A Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of the Formation of Mesoscale Vortex in Col Field, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 1215-1226.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1186-9
    [9] Yongqiang JIANG, Yuan WANG, Chaohui CHEN, Hongrang HE, Hong HUANG, 2019: A Numerical Study of Mesoscale Vortex Formation in the Midlatitudes: The Role of Moist Processes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 65-78.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7234-3
    [10] Guanshun ZHANG, Jiangyu MAO, Wei HUA, Xiaofei WU, Ruizao SUN, Ziyu YAN, Yimin LIU, Guoxiong WU, 2023: Synergistic Effect of the Planetary-scale Disturbance, Typhoon and Meso-β-scale Convective Vortex on the Extremely Intense Rainstorm on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 428-446.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2189-9
    [11] PAN Yang, YU Rucong, LI Jian, XU Youping, 2008: A Case Study on the Role of Water Vapor from Southwest China in Downstream Heavy Rainfall, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 563-576.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0563-x
    [12] Keon Tae SOHN, Jeong Hyeong LEE, Soon Hwan LEE, Chan Su RYU, 2005: Statistical Prediction of Heavy Rain in South Korea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 703-710.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918713
    [13] SUN Li, SHEN Baizhu, SUI Bo, 2010: A Study on Water Vapor Transport and Budget of Heavy Rain in Northeast China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1399-1414.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9087-2
    [14] XIONG Zhe, WANG Shuyu, ZENG Zhaomei, FU Congbin, 2003: Analysis of Simulated Heavy Rain over the Yangtze River Valley During 11-30 June 1998 Using RIEMS, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 815-824.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915407
    [15] SHAO Aimei, QIU Chongjian, LIU Liping, 2004: Kinematic Structure of a Heavy Rain Event from Dual-Doppler Radar Observations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 609-616.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915728
    [16] Minwei Qian, N. Loglisci, C. Cassardo, A. Longhetto, C. Giraud, 2001: Energy and Water Balance at Soil-Air Interface in a Sahelian Region, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 897-909.
    [17] WEI Na, LI Ying, 2013: A Modeling Study of Land Surface Process Impacts on Inland Behavior of Typhoon Rananim (2004), ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 367-381.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1242-5
    [18] GAO Shouting, XU Pengcheng, LI Na, 2012: On the Generalized Ertel--Rossby Invariant, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 690-694.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1145-5
    [19] ZHOU Lian-Tong, Chi-Yung TAM, ZHOU Wen, Johnny C. L. CHAN, 2010: Influence of South China Sea SST and the ENSO on Winter Rainfall over South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 832-844.  doi: 10.1007/s00376--009-9102-7
    [20] Baofeng JIAO, Lingkun RAN, Na LI, Ren CAI, Tao QU, Yushu ZHOU, 2023: Comparative Analysis of the Generalized Omega Equation and Generalized Vertical Motion Equation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 856-873.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1435-5
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 March 2010
    Manuscript revised: 10 March 2010
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Mesoscale Vortex Generation and Merging Process: A Case Study Associated with a Post-Landfall Tropical Depression

    • 1. Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030,Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030,Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030,Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
    • Manuscript received: 2010-03-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2010-03-10

    Abstract: An observational analysis of satellite blackbody temperature (TBB) data and radar images suggests that the mesoscale vortex generation and merging process appeared to be essential for a tropical-depression-related heavy rain event in Shanghai, China. A numerical simulation reproduced the observed mesoscale vortex generation and merging process and the corresponding rain pattern, and then the model outputs were used to study the related dynamics through diagnosing the potential vorticity (PV) equation. The tropical depression (TD) was found to weaken first at lower levels and then at upper levels due to negative horizontal PV advection and diabatic heating effects. The meso-vortices developed gradually, also from the lower to the upper levels, as a result of positive horizontal PV advection and diabatic heating effects in the downshear left quadrant of the TD. One of these newly-generated vortices, V1, replaced the TD ultimately, while the other two, V2 and V3, merged due to the horizontal PV advection process. Together with the redevelopment of V1, the merging of V2 and V3 triggered the very heavy rain in Shanghai.

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