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Volume 26 Issue 6

Nov.  2009

Article Contents
Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2009 >  26(6): 1108-1114

Dependence of the Accuracy of Precipitation and Cloud Simulation on Temporal and Spatial Scales

  • 1.

    Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation and NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Application and Research, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA


doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8143-2

  • Precipitation and associated cloud hydrometeors have large temporal and spatial variability, which makes accurate quantitative precipitation forecasting difficult. Thus, dependence of accurate precipitation and associated cloud simulation on temporal and spatial scales becomes an important issue. We report a cloud-resolving modeling analysis on this issue by comparing the control experiment with experiments perturbed by initial temperature, water vapor, and cloud conditions. The simulation is considered to be accurate only if the root-mean-squared difference between the perturbation experiments and the control experiment is smaller than the standard deviation. The analysis may suggest that accurate precipitation and cloud simulations cannot be obtained on both fine temporal and spatial scales simultaneously, which limits quantitative precipitation forecasting. The accurate simulation of water vapor convergence could lead to accurate precipitation and cloud simulations on daily time scales, but it may not be beneficial to precipitation and cloud simulations on hourly time scales due to the dominance of cloud processes.
  • [1] GAO Shouting, Xiaofan LI, 2008: Impacts of Initial Conditions on Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 737-747.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0737-6
    [2] Jiwon Hwang, Dong-Hyun Cha, Donghyuck Yoon, Tae-Young Goo, Sueng-Pil Jung, 2024: Effects of Initial and Boundary Conditions on Heavy Rainfall Simulation over the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula: Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP Analysis Data Effects and Verification with Dropsonde Observation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-024-3232-9
    [3] Yuan WANG, Jonathan M. VOGEL, Yun LIN, Bowen PAN, Jiaxi HU, Yangang LIU, Xiquan DONG, Jonathan H. JIANG, Yuk L. YUNG, Renyi ZHANG, 2018: Aerosol Microphysical and Radiative Effects on Continental Cloud Ensembles, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 234-247.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-7091-5
    [4] Chenxi WANG, Zhihua ZENG, Ming YING, 2020: Uncertainty in Tropical Cyclone Intensity Predictions due to Uncertainty in Initial Conditions, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 278-290.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9126-6
    [5] Yoo-Jun KIM, So-Ra IN, Hae-Min KIM, Jin-Hwa LEE, Kyu Rang KIM, Seungbum KIM, Byung-Gon KIM, 2021: Sensitivity of Snowfall Characteristics to Meteorological Conditions in the Yeongdong Region of Korea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 413-429.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0157-9
    [6] ZHOU Yushu, CUI Chunguang, 2011: A Modeling Study of Surface Rainfall Processes Associated with a Torrential Rainfall Event over Hubei, China, during July 2007, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1459-1470.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0119-8
    [7] Sun Tingkai, Tan Zhemin, 2001: Numerical Simulation Study for the Structure and Evolution of Tropical Squall Line, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 117-138.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0008-2
    [8] Xiaoqing WU, Xiaofan LI, 2008: A Review of Cloud-Resolving Model Studies of Convective Processes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 202-212.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0202-6
    [9] GAO Wenhua, SUI Chung-Hsiung, 2013: A Modeling Analysis of Rainfall and Water Cycle by the Cloud-resolving WRF Model over the Western North Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1695-1711.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2288-8
    [10] Jinghua CHEN, Xiaoqing WU, Chunsong LU, Yan YIN, 2022: Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Cloud Systems over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and East China: A Cloud-resolving Model Study, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1034-1049.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0391-9
    [11] FU Danhong, GUO Xueliang, 2006: A Cloud-resolving Study on the Role of Cumulus Merger in MCS with Heavy Precipitation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 857-868.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0857-9
    [12] YUE Caijun, SHOU Shaowen, Xiaofan LI, 2009: Water Vapor, Cloud, and Surface Rainfall Budgets Associated with the Landfall of Typhoon Krosa (2007): A Two-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1198-1208.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8135-2
    [13] LI Xiaofan, SHEN Xinyong, LIU Jia, 2014: Effects of Doubled Carbon Dioxide on Rainfall Responses to Large-Scale Forcing: A Two-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 525-531.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3030-2
    [14] PENG Jie, ZHANG Hua, Zhanqing LI, 2014: Temporal and Spatial Variations of Global Deep Cloud Systems Based on CloudSat and CALIPSO Satellite Observations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 593-603.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3055-6
    [15] Xinyong SHEN, Wenyan HUANG, Chunyan GUO, Xiaocen JIANG, 2016: Precipitation Responses to Radiative Effects of Ice Clouds: A Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study of a Pre-Summer Torrential Precipitation Event, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1137-1142.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5218-8
    [16] FENG Sha, LIU Qi, FU Yun-Fei, 2011: Cloud Variations under Subtropical High Conditions, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 623-635.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9194-0
    [17] Xiaofei LI, Qinghong ZHANG, Huiwen XUE, 2017: The Role of Initial Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration in Hail Using the WRF NSSL 2-moment Microphysics Scheme, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 1106-1120.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-6237-9
    [18] LI Yunying, YU Rucong, XU Youping, ZHOU Tianjun, 2005: AREM Simulations of Cloud Features over Eastern China in February 2001, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 260-270.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918515
    [19] LI Lijuan, Yuqing WANG, WANG Bin, ZHOU Tianjun, 2008: Sensitivity of the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL1.1.0) Climate Simulations to Cloud Droplet Effective Radius and Liquid Water Path, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 529-540.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0529-z
    [20] SHOU Yixuan, LI Shenshen, SHOU Shaowen, ZHAO Zhongming, 2006: Application of a Cloud-Texture Analysis Scheme to the Cloud Cluster Structure Recognition and Rainfall Estimation in a Mesoscale Rainstorm Process, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 767-774.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0767-x
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 November 2009
    Manuscript revised: 10 November 2009
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Dependence of the Accuracy of Precipitation and Cloud Simulation on Temporal and Spatial Scales

    • 1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation and NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Application and Research, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA
    • Manuscript received: 2009-11-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2009-11-10

    Abstract: Precipitation and associated cloud hydrometeors have large temporal and spatial variability, which makes accurate quantitative precipitation forecasting difficult. Thus, dependence of accurate precipitation and associated cloud simulation on temporal and spatial scales becomes an important issue. We report a cloud-resolving modeling analysis on this issue by comparing the control experiment with experiments perturbed by initial temperature, water vapor, and cloud conditions. The simulation is considered to be accurate only if the root-mean-squared difference between the perturbation experiments and the control experiment is smaller than the standard deviation. The analysis may suggest that accurate precipitation and cloud simulations cannot be obtained on both fine temporal and spatial scales simultaneously, which limits quantitative precipitation forecasting. The accurate simulation of water vapor convergence could lead to accurate precipitation and cloud simulations on daily time scales, but it may not be beneficial to precipitation and cloud simulations on hourly time scales due to the dominance of cloud processes.

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