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Volume 27 Issue 1

Jan.  2010

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2010 >  27(1): 1-13

Gustiness and Coherent Structure of Strong Winds and Their Role in Dust Emission and Entrainment

  • 1.

    Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093


doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8207-3

  • After the passage of a cold front, spring in northern China, the outbreak of strong wind is often accompanied by dust emissions. Through analyses of data in the atmospheric boundary layer during a typical case, it is revealed there are rather regular gust wave packets superimposed on the basic strong wind flow. The gust-wind wave packets have a period equal to around 3--6 mins and possess coherent structure. As the vertical transport of momentum is decomposed into separate parts by (a) basic flow, (b) gust-wind, and (c) turbulence, they are all in a downwards direction at the lower levels of the atmospheric boundary layer during strong wind periods. However, (a) is the largest, while (b) and (c) are comparable. All these are very different from the case of normal weather. Besides, the friction velocity at the ground surface is also much larger than that of normal weather and should be corrected by taking the contributions of the basic flow and gust-wind into account.The strong basic flow with descending motion is very favorable for soil erosion and sand/dust emissions, but suppresses the entrainment of dust particles by keeping them within the bottom levels of the atmospheric boundary layer. Owing to the coherent structure of gust-wind, dust particles can effectively overcome the systematic descending air motion and penetrate into the middle and upper levels of the atmospheric boundary layer, and then propagate further and diffuse into the troposphere where ascending air motion prevails.
  • [1] LIU Wei, FENG Qi, WANG Tao, ZHANG Yanwu, SHI Jianhua, 2004: Physicochemistry and Mineralogy of Storm Dust and Dust Sediment in Northern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 775-783.  doi: 10.1007/BF02916374
    [2] ZHU Jiang, LIN Caiyan, WANG Zifa, 2009: Dust Storm Ensemble Forecast Experiments in East Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1053-1070.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8218-0
    [3] ZHANG Renjian, HAN Zhiwei, SHEN Zhenxing, CAO Junji, 2008: Continuous Measurement of Number Concentrations and Elemental Composition of Aerosol Particles for a Dust Storm Event in Beijing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 89-95.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0089-2
    [4] Xiaoli XIA, Jinzhong MIN, Feifei SHEN, Yuanbing WANG, Chun YANG, 2019: Aerosol Data Assimilation Using Data from Fengyun-3A and MODIS: Application to a Dust Storm over East Asia in 2011, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1-14.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8075-9
    [5] LI Xuxiang, CAO Junji, Judith CHOW, HAN Yongming, Shuncheng LEE, John WATSON, 2008: Chemical Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosols During Dust Storms over Xi'an in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 847-855.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0847-1
    [6] GU Zhaolin, QIU Jian, ZHAO Yongzhi, LI Yun, 2008: Simulation of Terrestrial Dust Devil Patterns, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 31-42.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0031-7
    [7] LIU Ximing, CHENG Xueling, WU Qiong, FU Minning, ZENG Qingcun, 2013: Some Characteristics of the Surface Boundary Layer of a Strong Cold Air Process over Southern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 210-218.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1223-8
    [8] CHENG Xue-Ling, HUANG Jian, WU Lin, ZENG Qing-Cun, 2015: Structures and Characteristics of the Windy Atmospheric Boundary Layer in the South China Sea Region during Cold Surges, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 772-782.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4228-7
    [9] Zhao Bolin, Yu Xiaoding, 1990: On Eastern Asian Dust Storm, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 7, 11-26.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919164
    [10] XIN Jinyuan, DU Wupeng, WANG Yuesi, GAO Qingxian, Zhanqing LI, WANG Mingxing, 2010: Aerosol Optical Properties Affected by a Strong Dust Storm over Central and Northern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 562-574.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9023-5
    [11] LIU Yuzhi, SHI Guangyu, XIE Yongkun, 2013: Impact of Dust Aerosol on Glacial-Interglacial Climate, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1725-1731.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2289-7
    [12] A. A. Bidokhti, T. Bani-Hashem, 2001: Structure of Thunderstorm Gust Fronts with Topographic Effects, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 1161-1174.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0030-4
    [13] ZHANG Renjian, XU Yongfu, HAN Zhiwei, 2004: A Comparison Analysis of Chemical Composition of Aerosols in the Dust and Non-Dust Periods in Beijing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 300-305.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915718
    [14] YAO Zhigang, Jun LI, ZHAO Zengliang, 2015: Synergistic Use of AIRS and MODIS for Dust Top Height Retrieval over Land, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 470-476.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4046-y
    [15] FAN Ke, WANG Huijun, 2007: Dust Storms in North China in 2002: A Case Study of the Low Frequency Oscillation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 15-23.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0015-z
    [16] SHAO Longyi, LI Weijun, XIAO Zhenghui, SUN Zhenquan, 2008: The Mineralogy and Possible Sources of Spring Dust Particles over Beijing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 395-403.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0395-8
    [17] WU Yunfei, ZHANG Renjian, HAN Zhiwei, ZENG Zhaomei, 2010: Relationship between East Asian Monsoon and Dust Weather Frequency over Beijing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1389-1398.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9181-5
    [18] WANG Hong, SHI Guangyu, LI Shuyan, LI Wei, WANG Biao, HUANG Yanbin, 2006: The Impacts of Optical Properties on Radiative Forcing Due to Dust Aerosol, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 431-441.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0431-5
    [19] GE Cui, ZHANG Meigen, HAN Zhiwei, LIU Yanju, 2011: Episode Simulation of Asian Dust Storms with an Air Quality Modeling System, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 511-520.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0091-3
    [20] Lu WANG, Wei QIANG, Haiyun XIA, Tianwen WEI, Jinlong YUAN, Pu JIANG, 2021: Robust Solution for Boundary Layer Height Detections with Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1920-1928.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1068-0
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 January 2010
    Manuscript revised: 10 January 2010
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Gustiness and Coherent Structure of Strong Winds and Their Role in Dust Emission and Entrainment

    • 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093
    • Manuscript received: 2010-01-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2010-01-10

    Abstract: After the passage of a cold front, spring in northern China, the outbreak of strong wind is often accompanied by dust emissions. Through analyses of data in the atmospheric boundary layer during a typical case, it is revealed there are rather regular gust wave packets superimposed on the basic strong wind flow. The gust-wind wave packets have a period equal to around 3--6 mins and possess coherent structure. As the vertical transport of momentum is decomposed into separate parts by (a) basic flow, (b) gust-wind, and (c) turbulence, they are all in a downwards direction at the lower levels of the atmospheric boundary layer during strong wind periods. However, (a) is the largest, while (b) and (c) are comparable. All these are very different from the case of normal weather. Besides, the friction velocity at the ground surface is also much larger than that of normal weather and should be corrected by taking the contributions of the basic flow and gust-wind into account.The strong basic flow with descending motion is very favorable for soil erosion and sand/dust emissions, but suppresses the entrainment of dust particles by keeping them within the bottom levels of the atmospheric boundary layer. Owing to the coherent structure of gust-wind, dust particles can effectively overcome the systematic descending air motion and penetrate into the middle and upper levels of the atmospheric boundary layer, and then propagate further and diffuse into the troposphere where ascending air motion prevails.

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