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Volume 27 Issue 2

Mar.  2010

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2010 >  27(2): 371-381

The Role of Southern High Latitude Wind Stress in Global Climate

  • 1.

    Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100,Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100,Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100


doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9047-x

  • In this paper, the role of westerly winds at southern high latitudes in global climate is investigated in a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. In the model, the wind stress south of 40oS is turned off with ocean and atmosphere fully coupled both locally and elsewhere. The coupled model explicitly demonstrates that a shutdown of southern high latitude wind stress induces a general cooling over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region, with surface Ekman flow and vertical mixing playing competitive roles. This cooling leads to an equatorward expansion of sea ice and triggers an equivalent barotropic response in the atmosphere to accelerate westerly anomalies. The shutdown of southern high latitude wind stress also significantly reduces global meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The Antarctic MOC (AnMOC) nearly disappears while the Atlantic MOC (AMOC) is weakened by 50%, suggesting a strong control of the southern high latitude winds over the thermohaline circulation (THC). In spite of a substantial weakening of the AMOC, the interhemispheric SST seesaw appears to be not significant due to an equatorward extension of the southern extratropical cooling through coupled wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback. In addition, it is found that the weakening of Atlantic MOC by as much as 50% is capable of cooling the time mean subpolar Atlantic temperature by only about 1oC.
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    [2] Ben TIAN, Hong-Li REN, 2022: Diagnosing SST Error Growth during ENSO Developing Phase in the BCC_CSM1.1(m) Prediction System, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 427-442.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1189-5
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    [6] WANG Shaowu, ZHOU Tianjun, CAI Jingning, ZHU Jinhong, XIE Zhihui, GONG Daoyi, 2004: Abrupt Climate Change around 4 ka BP: Role of the Thermohaline Circulation as Indicated by a GCM Experiment, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 291-295.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915716
    [7] LI Shuanglin, CHEN Xiaoting, 2014: Quantifying the Response Strength of the Southern Stratospheric Polar Vortex to Indian Ocean Warming in Austral Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 492-503.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2322-x
    [8] LIN Pengfei, LIU Hailong, ZHANG Xuehong, 2007: Sensitivity of the Upper Ocean Temperature and Circulation in the Equatorial Pacific to Solar Radiation Penetration Due to Phytoplankton, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 765-780.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0765-7
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    [13] ZHOU Lian-Tong, Chi-Yung TAM, ZHOU Wen, Johnny C. L. CHAN, 2010: Influence of South China Sea SST and the ENSO on Winter Rainfall over South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 832-844.  doi: 10.1007/s00376--009-9102-7
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 March 2010
    Manuscript revised: 10 March 2010
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    The Role of Southern High Latitude Wind Stress in Global Climate

    • 1. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100,Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100,Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100
    • Manuscript received: 2010-03-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2010-03-10

    Abstract: In this paper, the role of westerly winds at southern high latitudes in global climate is investigated in a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. In the model, the wind stress south of 40oS is turned off with ocean and atmosphere fully coupled both locally and elsewhere. The coupled model explicitly demonstrates that a shutdown of southern high latitude wind stress induces a general cooling over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region, with surface Ekman flow and vertical mixing playing competitive roles. This cooling leads to an equatorward expansion of sea ice and triggers an equivalent barotropic response in the atmosphere to accelerate westerly anomalies. The shutdown of southern high latitude wind stress also significantly reduces global meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The Antarctic MOC (AnMOC) nearly disappears while the Atlantic MOC (AMOC) is weakened by 50%, suggesting a strong control of the southern high latitude winds over the thermohaline circulation (THC). In spite of a substantial weakening of the AMOC, the interhemispheric SST seesaw appears to be not significant due to an equatorward extension of the southern extratropical cooling through coupled wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback. In addition, it is found that the weakening of Atlantic MOC by as much as 50% is capable of cooling the time mean subpolar Atlantic temperature by only about 1oC.

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