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Volume 27 Issue 4

Jul.  2010

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2010 >  27(4): 807-831

Interaction between Planetary-Scale Diffluent Flow and Synoptic-Scale Waves During the Life Cycle of Blocking

  • 1.

    College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003,College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029


doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9074-7

  • In this paper, a new transient forced quasi-resonant triad interaction theory in a beta channel is proposed to investigate the interaction between planetary-scale diffluent flow composed of zonal wavenumbers 1--3 and synoptic-scale waves produced continuously by a synoptic-scale vorticity source fixed upstream of an incipient blocking region during the life cycle of blocking. It is shown that the superposition of initial three Rossby waves for zonal wavenumbers 1 (monopole), 2 (dipole), and 3 (monopole), which permit triad quasi-resonance, can represent an incipient blocking event. The synoptic-scale eddies may act to amplify the incipient blocking and to excite a blocking circulation with a strong meander, whose flow pattern depends on the initial amplitudes of the planetary waves and both the intensity and location of preexisting synoptic-scale waves. The onset (decay) of the planetary-scale split-flow blocking is mainly represented by a strong increase (decrease) in the amplitude of the zonal wavenumber 2 component, having a dipole meridional structure related to the preexisting synoptic-scale eddies. The typical persistence time of the model blocking was of about 20 days, consistent with observations of blocking patterns. In our model, isolated asymmetric dipole blocking is formed by synoptic-scale waves. The instantaneous fields of total streamfunctions exhibit a remarkable resemblance to the synoptic maps observed during the life cycle of blocking. During the onset stage, the synoptic-scale waves are enhanced and split into two branches around the blocking region due to the feedback of the amplified blocking, in agreement with the observed changes of synoptic-scale waves in real blocking events. In addition, a diagnostic case study of blocking is presented to confirm the forced quasi-resonant triad interaction theory proposed here.
  • [1] Luo Dehai, Li Jianping, 2000: Barotropic Interaction between Planetary- and Synoptic-Scale Waves during the Life Cycles of Blockings, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 649-670.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0026-5
    [2] Luo Dehai, 1998: Topographically Forced Three-Wave Quasi-Resonant and Non-Resonant Interactions among Barotropic Rossby Waves on an Infinite Beta-Plane, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 15, 83-98.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0020-x
    [3] Luo Dehai, Li Jianping, Huang Fei, 2002: Life Cycles of Blocking Flows Associated with Synoptic-Scale Eddies: Observed Results and Numerical Experiments, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 594-618.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0003-2
    [4] Zhu Zhengxin, 1985: EQUILIBRIUM STATES OF PLANETARY WAVES FORCED BY TOPOGRAPHY AND PERTURBATION HEATING AND BLOCKING SITUATION, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2, 359-367.  doi: 10.1007/BF02677252
    [5] Yong. L. McHall, 1991: Blocking Distributions in the Atmosphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 8, 327-338.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919615
    [6] Chen Jiong, Liu Shikuo, 1998: The Solitary Waves of the Barotropic Quasi-Geostrophic Model with the Large-scale Orography, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 15, 404-411.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0010-z
    [7] Luo Dehai, 1999: Nonlinear Three-Wave Interaction among Barotropic Rossby Waves in a Large-scale Forced Barotropic Flow, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 451-466.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0023-2
    [8] Dehai LUO, Binhe LUO, Wenqi ZHANG, 2023: A Perspective on the Evolution of Atmospheric Blocking Theories: From Eddy-Mean flow Interaction to Nonlinear Multiscale Interaction, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 553-569.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2194-z
    [9] JIANG Zhina, LUO Dehai, 2005: Study of the Optimal Precursors for Blocking Events, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 408-414.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918754
    [10] Zhu Zhengxin, Xiao Jie, 1986: NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF BLOCKING, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 3, 105-114.  doi: 10.1007/BF02680049
    [11] Yong. L. McHall, 1992: Nonlinear Planetary Wave Instability and Blocking, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 9, 173-190.  doi: 10.1007/BF02657508
    [12] D.R. Chakraborty, N.K. Agarwal, 1996: Role of Triad Kinetic Energy Interactions for Maintenance of Upper Tropospheric Low Frequency Waves during Summer Monsoon 1988, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 13, 91-102.  doi: 10.1007/BF02657030
    [13] Ho Nam CHEUNG, ZHOU Wen, Hing Yim MOK, Man Chi WU, Yaping SHAO, 2013: Revisiting the Climatology of Atmospheric Blocking in the Northern Hemisphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 397-410.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2006-y
    [14] Luo Dehai, Ji Liren, 1988: ALGEBRAIC ROSSBY SOLITARY WAVE AND BLOCKING IN THE ATMOSPHERE, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 5, 445-454.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656790
    [15] Zhang Pei, Ni Yunqi, 1991: Effect of Nonlinear Dynamic Process on Formation and Breakdown of Blocking, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 8, 41-50.  doi: 10.1007/BF02657363
    [16] Zhang Pei, Ni Yunqi, 1991: The Effect of Topographic Forcing on the Formation and Maintenance of Blocking, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 8, 317-326.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919614
    [17] CHEN Hua*, 2015: Downstream Development of Baroclinic Waves in the Midlatitude Jet Induced by Extratropical Transition: A Case Study, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 528-540.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3263-8
    [18] Xingyan ZHOU, Riyu LU, Guanghua CHEN, Liang WU, 2018: Interannual Variations in Synoptic-Scale Disturbances over the Western North Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 507-517.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-7143-x
    [19] Zhang Renhe, Chao Jiping, 1993: Unstable Tropical Air-Sea Interaction Waves and Their Physical Mechanisms, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 10, 61-70.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656954
    [20] Y. L. McHall, 1993: Large Scale Perturbations in Extratropical Atmosphere-Part II: On Geostrophic Waves, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 10, 181-192.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919140
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 July 2010
    Manuscript revised: 10 July 2010
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Interaction between Planetary-Scale Diffluent Flow and Synoptic-Scale Waves During the Life Cycle of Blocking

    • 1. College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003,College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029
    • Manuscript received: 2010-07-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2010-07-10

    Abstract: In this paper, a new transient forced quasi-resonant triad interaction theory in a beta channel is proposed to investigate the interaction between planetary-scale diffluent flow composed of zonal wavenumbers 1--3 and synoptic-scale waves produced continuously by a synoptic-scale vorticity source fixed upstream of an incipient blocking region during the life cycle of blocking. It is shown that the superposition of initial three Rossby waves for zonal wavenumbers 1 (monopole), 2 (dipole), and 3 (monopole), which permit triad quasi-resonance, can represent an incipient blocking event. The synoptic-scale eddies may act to amplify the incipient blocking and to excite a blocking circulation with a strong meander, whose flow pattern depends on the initial amplitudes of the planetary waves and both the intensity and location of preexisting synoptic-scale waves. The onset (decay) of the planetary-scale split-flow blocking is mainly represented by a strong increase (decrease) in the amplitude of the zonal wavenumber 2 component, having a dipole meridional structure related to the preexisting synoptic-scale eddies. The typical persistence time of the model blocking was of about 20 days, consistent with observations of blocking patterns. In our model, isolated asymmetric dipole blocking is formed by synoptic-scale waves. The instantaneous fields of total streamfunctions exhibit a remarkable resemblance to the synoptic maps observed during the life cycle of blocking. During the onset stage, the synoptic-scale waves are enhanced and split into two branches around the blocking region due to the feedback of the amplified blocking, in agreement with the observed changes of synoptic-scale waves in real blocking events. In addition, a diagnostic case study of blocking is presented to confirm the forced quasi-resonant triad interaction theory proposed here.

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