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On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial-Vertical Circulation within Vortices. Part II: The Transformation of Tropical Storm Haima (2004)


doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0060-x

  • A real case study for the transformation of Tropical Storm (TS) Haima (2004) into an extratropical cyclone (EC) is carried out numerically since, after landfall, Haima (2004) (as an EC) brought severe weather to a large area (from the south to the north) in China during 13--16 September 2004. With the linear diagnostic model (derived in a previous study) for the tangentially-averaged radial-vertical circulation within vortices moving on the spherical Earth, Haima's (2004) life cycle is reconstructed noticeably well. Therefore, the major contributor could be identified confidently for Haima's (2004) extratropical transition based on the diagnostic model outputs. The quantitative comparison shows that up to a 90% contribution to the inner-region updraft and a 55% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from latent heating during Haima's (2004) TS stage. Up to a 90% contribution to the inner-region updraft and nearly a 100% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from the upper-layer eddy angular momentum advection (EAMA) during Haima's (2004) EC stage. Representing the asymmetric structure of the storm, the predominantly positive contribution of the upper-layer EAMA to Haima's (2004) transformation is closely associated with the S-shaped westerlies in the upper layer with two jets. One jet in the cyclonic-curvature area carries cyclonic angular momentum into the storm, and the other jet in the anticyclonic-curvature area carries anticyclonic angular momentum out of the storm. Consequently, the newly-increased cyclonic tangential wind is deflected by the Coriolis force to the right to form the upper-layer outflow accompanied by the central-area rising motion, leading to Haima's (2004) extratropical transition after its landfall.
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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 September 2011
Manuscript revised: 10 September 2011
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial-Vertical Circulation within Vortices. Part II: The Transformation of Tropical Storm Haima (2004)

  • 1. Center for Monsoon and Environment Research/Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275,Center for Monsoon and Environment Research/Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, South China Sea Marine Prediction Center, South Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300,Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou 510080,Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou 510080,Center for Monsoon and Environment Research/Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275

Abstract: A real case study for the transformation of Tropical Storm (TS) Haima (2004) into an extratropical cyclone (EC) is carried out numerically since, after landfall, Haima (2004) (as an EC) brought severe weather to a large area (from the south to the north) in China during 13--16 September 2004. With the linear diagnostic model (derived in a previous study) for the tangentially-averaged radial-vertical circulation within vortices moving on the spherical Earth, Haima's (2004) life cycle is reconstructed noticeably well. Therefore, the major contributor could be identified confidently for Haima's (2004) extratropical transition based on the diagnostic model outputs. The quantitative comparison shows that up to a 90% contribution to the inner-region updraft and a 55% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from latent heating during Haima's (2004) TS stage. Up to a 90% contribution to the inner-region updraft and nearly a 100% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from the upper-layer eddy angular momentum advection (EAMA) during Haima's (2004) EC stage. Representing the asymmetric structure of the storm, the predominantly positive contribution of the upper-layer EAMA to Haima's (2004) transformation is closely associated with the S-shaped westerlies in the upper layer with two jets. One jet in the cyclonic-curvature area carries cyclonic angular momentum into the storm, and the other jet in the anticyclonic-curvature area carries anticyclonic angular momentum out of the storm. Consequently, the newly-increased cyclonic tangential wind is deflected by the Coriolis force to the right to form the upper-layer outflow accompanied by the central-area rising motion, leading to Haima's (2004) extratropical transition after its landfall.

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