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Volume 28 Issue 1

Jan.  2011

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2011 >  28(1): 99-117

Versions g1.0 and g1.1 of the LASG/IAP Flexible Global Ocean--Atmosphere--Land System Model

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029


doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9112-5

  • The latest two versions of the IAP Flexible Global Ocean--Atmosphere--Land System (FGOALS) model---versions g1.0 and g1.1, are described in this study. Both two versions are fully coupled GCMs without any flux correction, major changes for g1.1 mainly lie in four aspects: (1) advection schemes for tracer in the ocean component model; (2) zonal filter scheme in high latitudes in the ocean component model; (3) coupling scheme for fresh water flux in high latitudes; and (4) an improved algorithm of air-sea turbulent flux depending on the surface current of the ocean. As a result, the substantial cold biases in the tropical Pacific and high latitudes are improved by g1.1, especially g1.1 simulates more reasonable equatorial thermocline, poleward heat transport, zonal overturning stream function in the ocean and sea ice distribution than g1.0. Significant ENSO variability are simulated by both versions, however the ENSO behavior by g1.0 differs from the observed one in many aspects: about twice ENSO amplitude as observed, false ENSO asymmetry, only one peak period around 3 years, etc. Due to improved mean climate state by g1.1, many basic characteristics of ENSO are reproduced by g1.1, e.g., more reasonable ENSO amplitude, two peaks of power spectra for ENSO events, and positive SST skewness in the eastern Pacific as observed.
  • [1] WANG Shaowu, ZHOU Tianjun, CAI Jingning, ZHU Jinhong, XIE Zhihui, GONG Daoyi, 2004: Abrupt Climate Change around 4 ka BP: Role of the Thermohaline Circulation as Indicated by a GCM Experiment, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 291-295.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915716
    [2] YAN Li, WANG Panxing, YU Yongqiang, LI Lijuan, WANG Bin, 2010: Potential Predictability of Sea Surface Temperature in a Coupled Ocean--Atmosphere GCM, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 921-936.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9062-y
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    [5] LI Gang*, LI Chongyin, TAN Yanke, and BAI Tao, 2014: The Interdecadal Changes of South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid-1990s and Their Connections with ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 66-84.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2280-3
    [6] LIU Qinyu, WEN Na, YU Yongqiang, 2006: The Role of the Kuroshio in the Winter North Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction: Comparison of a Coupled Model and Observations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 181-189.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0181-4
    [7] YU Yongqiang, ZHANG Xuehong, GUO Yufu, 2004: Global Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models in LASG/IAP, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 444-455.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915571
    [8] Zhou Tianjun, Yu Rucong, Li Zhaoxin, 2002: ENSO-Dependent and ENSO-Independent Variability over the Mid-Latitude North Pacific: Observation and Air-Sea Coupled Model Simulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 1127-1147.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0070-4
    [9] ZHENG Fei, ZHU Jiang, Rong-Hua ZHANG, ZHOU Guangqing, 2006: Improved ENSO Forecasts by Assimilating Sea Surface Temperature Observations into an Intermediate Coupled Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 615-624.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0615-z
    [10] Se-Hwan YANG, LI Chaofan, and LU Riyu, 2014: Predictability of Winter Rainfall in South China as Demonstrated by the Coupled Models of ENSEMBLES, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 779-786.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3172-2
    [11] Ning JIANG, Congwen ZHU, 2021: Seasonal Forecast of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset Disturbed by Cold Tongue La Niña in the Past Decade, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 147-155.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0090-y
    [12] Yang AI, Ning JIANG, Weihong QIAN, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG, Yanying CHEN, 2022: Strengthened Regulation of the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon by the Northwest Indian Ocean Warming in the Past Decade, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 943-952.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1364-8
    [13] Zhengyu LIU, 2006: Glacial Thermohaline Circulation and Climate: Forcing from the North or South?, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 199-206.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0199-7
    [14] WANG Zhiren, WU Dexing, CHEN Xue'en, QIAO Ran, 2013: ENSO Indices and Analyses, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1491-1506.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2238-x
    [15] ZHU Weijun, Kevin HAMILTON, 2008: Empirical Estimates of Global Climate Sensitivity: An Assessment of Strategies Using a Coupled GCM, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 339-347.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0339-3
    [16] REN Fumin, BAI Lina, WU Guoxiong, WANG Zaizhi, WANG Yuan, 2012: A Possible Mechanism of the Impact of Atmosphere--Ocean Interaction on the Activity of Tropical Cyclones Affecting China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 661-674.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1028-9
    [17] ZhouTianjun, Zhang Xuehong, Yu Yongqiang, Yu Rucong, Liu Xiying, Jin Xiangze, 2000: Response of IAP/ LASG GOALS Model to the Coupling of Air-Sea Fresh Water Exchange, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 473-486.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0037-2
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    [20] Yuanhai FU, Zhongda LIN, Tao WANG, 2021: Simulated Relationship between Wintertime ENSO and East Asian Summer Rainfall: From CMIP3 to CMIP6, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 221-236.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0147-y
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 January 2011
    Manuscript revised: 10 January 2011
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Versions g1.0 and g1.1 of the LASG/IAP Flexible Global Ocean--Atmosphere--Land System Model

    • 1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
    • Manuscript received: 2011-01-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2011-01-10

    Abstract: The latest two versions of the IAP Flexible Global Ocean--Atmosphere--Land System (FGOALS) model---versions g1.0 and g1.1, are described in this study. Both two versions are fully coupled GCMs without any flux correction, major changes for g1.1 mainly lie in four aspects: (1) advection schemes for tracer in the ocean component model; (2) zonal filter scheme in high latitudes in the ocean component model; (3) coupling scheme for fresh water flux in high latitudes; and (4) an improved algorithm of air-sea turbulent flux depending on the surface current of the ocean. As a result, the substantial cold biases in the tropical Pacific and high latitudes are improved by g1.1, especially g1.1 simulates more reasonable equatorial thermocline, poleward heat transport, zonal overturning stream function in the ocean and sea ice distribution than g1.0. Significant ENSO variability are simulated by both versions, however the ENSO behavior by g1.0 differs from the observed one in many aspects: about twice ENSO amplitude as observed, false ENSO asymmetry, only one peak period around 3 years, etc. Due to improved mean climate state by g1.1, many basic characteristics of ENSO are reproduced by g1.1, e.g., more reasonable ENSO amplitude, two peaks of power spectra for ENSO events, and positive SST skewness in the eastern Pacific as observed.

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