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Volume 28 Issue 4

Jul.  2011

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2011 >  28(4): 973-984

Direct Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosols over Oceans from Satellite Observations

  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites/China Meteorological Administration, National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites/China Meteorological Administration, National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081


doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9210-4

  • Anthropogenic aerosols play an important role in the atmospheric energy balance. Anthropogenic aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its accompanying shortwave radiative forcing (RF) are usually simulated by numerical models. Recently, with the development of space-borne instruments and sophisticated retrieval algorithms, it has become possible to estimate aerosol radiative forcing based on satellite observations. In this study, we have estimated shortwave direct radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols over oceans in all-sky conditions by combining clouds and the Single Scanner Footprint data of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES/SSF) experiment, which provide measurements of upward shortwave fluxes at the top of atmosphere, with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol and cloud products. We found that globally averaged aerosol radiative forcing over oceans in the clear-sky conditions and all-sky conditions were -1.03±0.48 W m-2 and -0.34±0.16 W m-2, respectively. Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic aerosols shows large regional and seasonal variations. In some regions and in particular seasons, the magnitude of direct forcing by anthropogenic aerosols can be comparable to the forcing of greenhouse gases. However, it shows that aerosols caused the cooling effect, rather than warming effect from global scale, which is different from greenhouse gases.
  • [1] Hye-Ryun OH, Chang-Hoi HO, Yong-Sang CHOI, 2013: Comments on ``Direct Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosols over Oceans from Satellite Observation", ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 10-14.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1218-5
    [2] CHANG Wenyuan, LIAO Hong, WANG Huijun, 2009: Climate responses to direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and long-lived greenhouse gases in eastern China over 1951-2000, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 748-762.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9032-4
    [3] FAN Xuehua, CHEN Hongbin, LIN Longfu, HAN Zhigang, Philippe GOLOUB, 2009: Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Properties over the Beijing Area Using POLDER/PARASOL Satellite Polarization Measurements, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1099-1107.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8103-x
    [4] FENG Qian, CUI Songxue, ZHAO Wei, 2015: Effect of Particle Shape on Dust Shortwave Direct Radiative Forcing Calculations Based on MODIS Observations for a Case Study, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1266-1276.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-4235-3
    [5] WANG Hong, SHI Guangyu, LI Shuyan, LI Wei, WANG Biao, HUANG Yanbin, 2006: The Impacts of Optical Properties on Radiative Forcing Due to Dust Aerosol, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 431-441.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0431-5
    [6] ZHANG Yi, and LI Jian, 2013: Shortwave Cloud Radiative Forcing on Major Stratus Cloud Regions in AMIP-type Simulations of CMIP3 and CMIP5 Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 884-907.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2153-9
    [7] Yunfei FU, Jiachen ZHU, Yuanjian YANG, Renmin YUAN, Guosheng LIU, Tao XIAN, Peng LIU, 2017: Grid-cell Aerosol Direct Shortwave Radiative Forcing Calculated Using the SBDART Model with MODIS and AERONET Observations: An Application in Winter and Summer in Eastern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 952-964.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-6226-z
    [8] LI Shu, WANG Tijian, ZHUANG Bingliang, HAN Yong, 2009: Indirect Radiative Forcing and Climatic Effect of the Anthropogenic Nitrate Aerosol on Regional Climate of China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 543-552.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0543-9
    [9] Qiu Jinhuan, 1989: Theoretical Analysis of Retrieving Atmospheric Columnar Mie Optical Depth from Downward Total Solar Radiative Flux, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 6, 313-324.  doi: 10.1007/BF02661537
    [10] LI Jiandong, Zhian SUN, LIU Yimin, Jiangnan LI, Wei-Chyung WANG, WU Guoxiong, 2012: A Study on Sulfate Optical Properties and Direct Radiative Forcing Using LASG-IAP General Circulation Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 1185-1199.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1257-y
    [11] CHE Huizheng, ZHANG Xiaoye, Stephane ALFRARO, Bernadette CHATENET, Laurent GOMES, ZHAO Jianqi, 2009: Aerosol Optical Properties and Its Radiative Forcing over Yulin, China in 2001 and 2002, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 564-576.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0564-4
    [12] Min ZHAO, Tie DAI, Hao WANG, Qing BAO, Yimin LIU, Hua ZHANG, Guangyu SHI, 2022: Simulating Aerosol Optical Depth and Direct Radiative Effects over the Tibetan Plateau with a High-Resolution CAS FGOALS-f3 Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 2137-2155.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1424-8
    [13] P.C.S. Devara, P. Ernest Raj, 1993: Lidar Measurements of Aerosols in the Tropical Atmosphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 10, 365-378.  doi: 10.1007/BF02658142
    [14] HUANG Jing, QIU Chongjian, MA Gang, ZHANG Yanwu, 2006: Estimating the Retrievability of Temperature Profiles from Satellite Infrared Measurements, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 224-234.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0224-x
    [15] Jiajia Jia, Zhaoliang Zeng, Wenqian Zhang, Xiangdong Zheng, Yaqiang Wang, Minghu Ding, 2023: How well do the downward shortwave radiation products from satellite and reanalysis over the transect of Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica?, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3136-0
    [16] Hu Rongming, Serge Planton, Michel Déque, Pascal Marquet, Alain Braun, 2001: Why Is the Climate Forcing of Sulfate Aerosols So Uncertain?, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 1103-1120.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0
    [17] ZHANG Yuli, LIU Yi, LIU Chuanxi, V. F. SOFIEVA, 2015: Satellite Measurements of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in Wintertime Stratospheric Ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1481-1492.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5005-y
    [18] LIU Chuanxi, LIU Yi, Xiong LIU, Kelly CHANCE, 2013: Dynamical and Chemical Features of a Cutoff Low over Northeast China in July 2007: Results from Satellite Measurements and Reanalysis, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 525-540.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2086-8
    [19] Yang LI, Yubao LIU, Rongfu SUN, Fengxia GUO, Xiaofeng XU, Haixiang XU, 2023: Convective Storm VIL and Lightning Nowcasting Using Satellite and Weather Radar Measurements Based on Multi-Task Learning Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 887-899.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2082-6
    [20] Yang Yang, Minqiang Zhou, Wei Wang, Zijun Ning, Feng Zhang, Pucai Wang, 2024: Quantification of CO2 emissions from three power plants in China using OCO-3 satellite measurements, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-024-3293-9
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 July 2011
    Manuscript revised: 10 July 2011
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Direct Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosols over Oceans from Satellite Observations

    • 1. Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites/China Meteorological Administration, National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites/China Meteorological Administration, National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081
    • Manuscript received: 2011-07-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2011-07-10

    Abstract: Anthropogenic aerosols play an important role in the atmospheric energy balance. Anthropogenic aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its accompanying shortwave radiative forcing (RF) are usually simulated by numerical models. Recently, with the development of space-borne instruments and sophisticated retrieval algorithms, it has become possible to estimate aerosol radiative forcing based on satellite observations. In this study, we have estimated shortwave direct radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols over oceans in all-sky conditions by combining clouds and the Single Scanner Footprint data of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES/SSF) experiment, which provide measurements of upward shortwave fluxes at the top of atmosphere, with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol and cloud products. We found that globally averaged aerosol radiative forcing over oceans in the clear-sky conditions and all-sky conditions were -1.03±0.48 W m-2 and -0.34±0.16 W m-2, respectively. Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic aerosols shows large regional and seasonal variations. In some regions and in particular seasons, the magnitude of direct forcing by anthropogenic aerosols can be comparable to the forcing of greenhouse gases. However, it shows that aerosols caused the cooling effect, rather than warming effect from global scale, which is different from greenhouse gases.

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