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Volume 27 Issue 6

Nov.  2010

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2010 >  27(6): 1415-1424

Mesoscale Moist Adjoint Sensitivity Study of a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event

  • 1.

    Key Lab of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,Key Lab of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093


doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9213-1

  • The mesoscale moist adjoint sensitivities related to the initiation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are evaluated for a mei-yu heavy rainfall event. The sensitivities were calculated on a realistic background gained from a four-dimensional variational data assimilation of precipitation experiment to make the sensitivity computation possible and reasonable within a strong moist convective event at the mesoscale. The results show that the computed sensitivities at the mesoscale were capable of capturing the factors affecting MCS initiation. The sensitivities to the initial temperature and moisture are enhanced greatly by diabatic processes, especially at lower levels, and these sensitivities are much larger than those stemming from the horizontal winds, which implies that initiation of MCSs is more sensitive to low-level temperature and moisture perturbations rather than the horizontal winds. Moreover, concentration of sensitivities at low levels reflects the characteristics of the mei-yu front. The results provide some hints about how to improve quantitative precipitation forecasts of mei-yu heavy rainfall, such as by conducting mesoscale targetted observations via the adjoint-based method to reduce the low-level errors in the initial temperature and moisture.
  • [1] CHU Kekuan, TAN Zhemin, Ming XUE, 2007: Impact of 4DVAR Assimilation of Rainfall Data on the Simulation of Mesoscale Precipitation Systems in a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 281-300.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0281-9
    [2] BEI Naifang, Fuqing ZHANG, 2014: Mesoscale Predictability of Moist Baroclinic Waves: Variable and Scale-dependent Error Growth, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 995-1008.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3191-7
    [3] Yang Yan, Li Zhijin, Ji Liren, 1997: Adjoint Sensitivity Analyses on the Anomalous Circulation Features in East Asian Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 111-123.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0050-9
    [4] ZHONG Ke, DONG Peiming, ZHAO Sixiong, CAI Qifa, LAN Weiren, 2007: State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics \mbox{\rm (LASG)}, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 435-448.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0435-9
    [5] LIU Jianyong, TAN Zhe-Min, 2009: Mesoscale Predictability of Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 438-450.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0438-9
    [6] Peng Jiayi, Wu Rongsheng, Wang Yuan, 2002: Initiation Mechanism of Meso-β Scale Convective Systems, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 870-884.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0052-6
    [7] Xubin ZHANG, 2022: Impacts of New Implementing Strategies for Surface and Model Physics Perturbations in TREPS on Forecasts of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1833-1858.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1222-8
    [8] SUN Jianhua, ZHAO Sixiong, XU Guangkuo, MENG Qingtao, 2010: Study on a Mesoscale Convective Vortex Causing Heavy Rainfall during the Mei-yu Season in 2003, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1193-1209.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9156-6
    [9] Honglei ZHANG, Ming XUE, Hangfeng SHEN, Xiaofan LI, Guoqing ZHAI, 2024: Local Torrential Rainfall Event within a Mei-Yu Season Mesoscale Convective System: Importance of Back-Building Processes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 847-863.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3033-6
    [10] ZHAO Sixiong, BEI Naifang, SUN Jianhua, 2007: Mesoscale Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Hong Kong During a Pre-rainy Season in South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 555-572.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0555-2
    [11] JING Li, LU Hancheng, WANG Hanjie, ZHU Min, KOU Zheng, 2004: A Mesoscale Analysis of Heavy Rain Caused by Frontal and Topographical Heterogeneities on Taiwan Island, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 909-922.  doi: 10.1007/BF02663597
    [12] Chunguang CUI, Wen ZHOU, Hao YANG, Xiaokang WANG, Yi DENG, Xiaofang WANG, Guirong XU, Jingyu WANG, 2023: Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 711-724.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2107-1
    [13] SUN Jianhua, ZHANG Xiaoling, QI Linlin, ZHAO Sixiong, 2005: An Analysis of a Meso-β System in a Mei-yu Front Using the Intensive Observation Data During CHeRES 2002, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 278-289.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918517
    [14] ZHAI Guoqing, ZHOU Lingli, WANG Zhi, 2007: Analysis of a Group of Weak Small-Scale Vortexes in the Planetary Boundary Layer in the Mei-yu Front, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 399-408.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0399-9
    [15] Xiuping YAO, Qin ZHANG, Xiao ZHANG, 2020: Potential Vorticity Diagnostic Analysis on the Impact of the Easterlies Vortex on the Short-term Movement of the Subtropical Anticyclone over the Western Pacific in the Mei-yu Period, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 1019-1031.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9271-y
    [16] SHOU Yixuan, LI Shenshen, SHOU Shaowen, ZHAO Zhongming, 2006: Application of a Cloud-Texture Analysis Scheme to the Cloud Cluster Structure Recognition and Rainfall Estimation in a Mesoscale Rainstorm Process, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 767-774.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0767-x
    [17] ZHANG Meng, NI Yunqi, ZHANG Fuqing, 2007: Variational Assimilation of GPS Precipitable Water Vapor and Hourly Rainfall Observations for a Meso- Scale Heavy Precipitation Event During the 2002 Mei-Yu Season, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 509-526.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0509-8
    [18] ZHAI Guoqing, LI Xiaofan, ZHU Peijun, SHEN Hangfeng, ZHANG Yuanzhi, 2014: Surface Rainfall and Cloud Budgets Associated with Mei-yu Torrential Rainfall over Eastern China during June 2011, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1435-1444.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3256-7
    [19] Jing YANG, Gaopeng LU, Ningyu LIU, Haihua CUI, Yu WANG, Morris COHEN, 2017: Analysis of a Mesoscale Convective System that Produced a Single Sprite, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 258-271.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6092-0
    [20] Lixia ZHANG, Dan ZHAO, Tianjun ZHOU, Dongdong PENG, Chan XIAO, 2021: Moisture Origins and Transport Processes for the 2020 Yangtze River Valley Record-Breaking Mei-yu Rainfall, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 2125-2136.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1097-8
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 November 2010
    Manuscript revised: 10 November 2010
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Mesoscale Moist Adjoint Sensitivity Study of a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event

    • 1. Key Lab of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,Key Lab of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093
    • Manuscript received: 2010-11-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2010-11-10

    Abstract: The mesoscale moist adjoint sensitivities related to the initiation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are evaluated for a mei-yu heavy rainfall event. The sensitivities were calculated on a realistic background gained from a four-dimensional variational data assimilation of precipitation experiment to make the sensitivity computation possible and reasonable within a strong moist convective event at the mesoscale. The results show that the computed sensitivities at the mesoscale were capable of capturing the factors affecting MCS initiation. The sensitivities to the initial temperature and moisture are enhanced greatly by diabatic processes, especially at lower levels, and these sensitivities are much larger than those stemming from the horizontal winds, which implies that initiation of MCSs is more sensitive to low-level temperature and moisture perturbations rather than the horizontal winds. Moreover, concentration of sensitivities at low levels reflects the characteristics of the mei-yu front. The results provide some hints about how to improve quantitative precipitation forecasts of mei-yu heavy rainfall, such as by conducting mesoscale targetted observations via the adjoint-based method to reduce the low-level errors in the initial temperature and moisture.

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