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Volume 28 Issue 5

Sep.  2011

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2011 >  28(5): 1201-1214

Coupled Modes of Rainfall over China and the Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in Boreal Summertime

  • 1.

    Physical Oceanography Laboratory & Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao} 266100, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Physical Oceanography Laboratory & Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao} 266100


doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0127-3

  • In this study, monthly NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and NOAA ERSST as well as observed precipitation data from 160 stations in China were used to investigate coupled modes affecting the rainfall over China and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific during boreal summertime based on singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The SVD analysis revealed three remarkable coupled modes: rainfall over North China associated with an ENSO-like SST pattern (ENSO--NC), rainfall over the Yangtze River valley associated with SST anomalies in the western tropical Pacific (WTP--YRV), and rainfall over the Yellow River loop valley associated with tropical Pacific meridional mode-like SST pattern (TPMM--YRLV). These coupled SVD modes appear robust and closely correlated with the single field. Furthermore, the covariabilities among of the three coupled modes have different characteristics at the decadal time scale. In addition, the possible atmospheric teleconnections of the coupled rainfall and SST modes were discussed. For the ENSO--NC mode, anomalous low-pressure and high-pressure over the Asian continent induces moisture divergence over North China and reduces summer rainfall there. For the WTP--YRV mode, East Asia--Pacific teleconnection induces moisture convergence over the Yangtze River valley and enhances the summer rainfall there. The TPMM SST and the summer rainfall anomalies over the YRVL are linked by a circumglobal, wave-train-like, atmospheric teleconnection.
  • [1] Xiaofei WU, Jiangyu MAO, 2019: Decadal Changes in Interannual Dependence of the Bay of Bengal Summer Monsoon Onset on ENSO Modulated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1404-1416.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9043-8
    [2] Kaiming HU, Yingxue LIU, Gang HUANG, Zhuoqi HE, Shang-Min LONG, 2020: Contributions to the Interannual Summer Rainfall Variability in the Mountainous Area of Central China and Their Decadal Changes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 259-268.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9099-5
    [3] Fei ZHENG, Jianping LI, Ruiqiang DING, 2017: Influence of the Preceding Austral Summer Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode on the Amplitude of ENSO Decay, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 1358-1379.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-6339-4
    [4] Li Chongyin, Mu Mingquan, Zhou Guangqing, 1999: The Variation of Warm Pool in the Equatorial Western Pacific and Its Impacts on Climate, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 378-394.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0017-0
    [5] CHEN Guanghua, HUANG Ronghui, 2008: Influence of Monsoon over the Warm Pool on Interannual Variation on Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 319-328.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0319-7
    [6] Yuanhai FU, Zhongda LIN, Tao WANG, 2021: Simulated Relationship between Wintertime ENSO and East Asian Summer Rainfall: From CMIP3 to CMIP6, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 221-236.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0147-y
    [7] Se-Hwan YANG, LI Chaofan, and LU Riyu, 2014: Predictability of Winter Rainfall in South China as Demonstrated by the Coupled Models of ENSEMBLES, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 779-786.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3172-2
    [8] LI Gang*, LI Chongyin, TAN Yanke, and BAI Tao, 2014: The Interdecadal Changes of South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid-1990s and Their Connections with ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 66-84.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2280-3
    [9] HAN Leqiong, LI Shuanglin, LIU Na, 2014: An Approach for Improving Short-Term Prediction of Summer Rainfall over North China by Decomposing Interannual and Decadal Variability, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 435-448.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3016-0
    [10] FENG Junqiao, HU Dunxin, YU Lejiang, 2013: Role of Western Pacific Oceanic Variability in the Onset of the Bay of Bengal Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 219-234.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2040-9
    [11] Weijie FENG, Marco Y.-T. LEUNG, Dongxiao WANG, Wen ZHOU, Oscar Y. W. ZHANG, 2022: An Extreme Drought over South China in 2020/21 Concurrent with an Unprecedented Warm Northwest Pacific and La Niña, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1637-1649.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1456-0
    [12] FENG Juan*, CHEN Wen, 2014: Interference of the East Asian Winter Monsoon in the Impact of ENSO on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in Decaying Phases, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 344-354.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3118-8
    [13] KANG Xianbiao, HUANG Ronghui, WANG Zhanggui, ZHANG Rong-Hua, 2014: Sensitivity of ENSO Variability to Pacific Freshwater Flux Adjustment in the Community Earth System Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1009-1021.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3232-2
    [14] WU Shu, WU Lixin, LIU Qinyu, Shang-Ping XIE, 2010: Development Processes of the Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 95-99.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8067-x
    [15] JIAN Maoqiu, QIAO Yunting, YUAN Zhuojian, LUO Huibang, 2006: The Impact of Atmospheric Heat Sources over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Tropical Western Pacific on the Summer Rainfall over the Yangtze-River Basin, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 149-155.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0015-4
    [16] Zhou Tianjun, Yu Rucong, Li Zhaoxin, 2002: ENSO-Dependent and ENSO-Independent Variability over the Mid-Latitude North Pacific: Observation and Air-Sea Coupled Model Simulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 1127-1147.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0070-4
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    [18] Fangxing FAN, Renping LIN, Xianghui FANG, Feng XUE, Fei ZHENG, Jiang ZHU, 2021: Influence of the Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific Types of ENSO on the South Asian Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 12-28.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0055-1
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 September 2011
    Manuscript revised: 10 September 2011
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Coupled Modes of Rainfall over China and the Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in Boreal Summertime

    • 1. Physical Oceanography Laboratory & Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao} 266100, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Physical Oceanography Laboratory & Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao} 266100
    • Manuscript received: 2011-09-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2011-09-10

    Abstract: In this study, monthly NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and NOAA ERSST as well as observed precipitation data from 160 stations in China were used to investigate coupled modes affecting the rainfall over China and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific during boreal summertime based on singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The SVD analysis revealed three remarkable coupled modes: rainfall over North China associated with an ENSO-like SST pattern (ENSO--NC), rainfall over the Yangtze River valley associated with SST anomalies in the western tropical Pacific (WTP--YRV), and rainfall over the Yellow River loop valley associated with tropical Pacific meridional mode-like SST pattern (TPMM--YRLV). These coupled SVD modes appear robust and closely correlated with the single field. Furthermore, the covariabilities among of the three coupled modes have different characteristics at the decadal time scale. In addition, the possible atmospheric teleconnections of the coupled rainfall and SST modes were discussed. For the ENSO--NC mode, anomalous low-pressure and high-pressure over the Asian continent induces moisture divergence over North China and reduces summer rainfall there. For the WTP--YRV mode, East Asia--Pacific teleconnection induces moisture convergence over the Yangtze River valley and enhances the summer rainfall there. The TPMM SST and the summer rainfall anomalies over the YRVL are linked by a circumglobal, wave-train-like, atmospheric teleconnection.

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