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The Impact of Horizontal Resolution on the CNOP and on Its Identified Sensitive Areas for Tropical Cyclone Predictions


doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-1003-x

  • In this study, the impacts of horizontal resolution on the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) and on its identified sensitive areas were investigated for tropical cyclone predictions. Three resolutions, 30 km, 60 km, and 120 km, were studied for three tropical cyclones, TC Mindulle (2004), TC Meari (2004), and TC Matsa (2005). Results show that CNOP may present different structures with different resolutions, and the major parts of CNOP become increasingly localized with increased horizontal resolution. CNOP produces spiral and baroclinic structures, which partially account for its rapid amplification. The differences in CNOP structures result in different sensitive areas, but there are common areas for the CNOP-identified sensitive areas at various resolutions, and the size of the common areas is different from case to case. Generally, the forecasts benefit more from the reduction of the initial errors in the sensitive areas identified using higher resolutions than those using lower resolutions. However, the largest improvement of the forecast can be obtained at the resolution that is not the highest for some cases. In addition, the sensitive areas identified at lower resolutions are also helpful for improving the forecast with a finer resolution, but the sensitive areas identified at the same resolution as the forecast would be the most beneficial.
  • [1] ZHOU Feifan, MU Mu, 2012: The Time and Regime Dependencies of Sensitive Areas for Tropical Cyclone Prediction Using the CNOP Method, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 705-716.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1174-0
    [2] Huizhen YU, Zhiyong MENG, 2022: The Impact of Moist Physics on the Sensitive Area Identification for Heavy Rainfall Associated Weather Systems, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 684-696.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0278-9
    [3] ZHOU Feifan, MU Mu, 2011: The Impact of Verification Area Design on Tropical Cyclone Targeted Observations Based on the CNOP Method, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 997-1010.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0120-x
    [4] CHEN Boyu, MU Mu, 2012: The Roles of Spatial Locations and Patterns of Initial Errors in the Uncertainties of Tropical Cyclone Forecasts, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 63-78.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0201-x
    [5] Xiangjun TIAN, Xiaobing FENG, 2019: An Adjoint-Free CNOP-4DVar Hybrid Method for Identifying Sensitive Areas in Targeted Observations: Method Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, , 721-732.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9001-5
    [6] MA Juhui, Yuejian ZHU, Richard WOBUS, Panxing WANG, 2012: An Effective Configuration of Ensemble Size and Horizontal Resolution for the NCEP GEFS, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 782-794.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1249-y
    [7] Yazhou ZHANG, Zhijie LIAO, Yaocun ZHANG, Feng NIE, 2016: Characteristics of the Asian-Pacific Oscillation in Boreal Summer Simulated by BCC_CSM with Different Horizontal Resolutions, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1401-1412.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5266-0
    [8] Eric P. CHASSIGNET, Xiaobiao XU, 2021: On the Importance of High-Resolution in Large-Scale Ocean Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1621-1634.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0385-7
    [9] Sihong ZHU, Liang FENG, Yi LIU, Jing WANG, Dongxu YANG, 2022: Decadal Methane Emission Trend Inferred from Proxy GOSAT XCH4 Retrievals: Impacts of Transport Model Spatial Resolution, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1343-1359.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1434-6
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    [11] Lu WANG, Xueshun SHEN, Juanjuan LIU, Bin WANG, 2020: Model Uncertainty Representation for a Convection-Allowing Ensemble Prediction System Based on CNOP-P, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 817-831.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9262-z
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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 January 2012
Manuscript revised: 10 January 2012
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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The Impact of Horizontal Resolution on the CNOP and on Its Identified Sensitive Areas for Tropical Cyclone Predictions

  • 1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071

Abstract: In this study, the impacts of horizontal resolution on the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) and on its identified sensitive areas were investigated for tropical cyclone predictions. Three resolutions, 30 km, 60 km, and 120 km, were studied for three tropical cyclones, TC Mindulle (2004), TC Meari (2004), and TC Matsa (2005). Results show that CNOP may present different structures with different resolutions, and the major parts of CNOP become increasingly localized with increased horizontal resolution. CNOP produces spiral and baroclinic structures, which partially account for its rapid amplification. The differences in CNOP structures result in different sensitive areas, but there are common areas for the CNOP-identified sensitive areas at various resolutions, and the size of the common areas is different from case to case. Generally, the forecasts benefit more from the reduction of the initial errors in the sensitive areas identified using higher resolutions than those using lower resolutions. However, the largest improvement of the forecast can be obtained at the resolution that is not the highest for some cases. In addition, the sensitive areas identified at lower resolutions are also helpful for improving the forecast with a finer resolution, but the sensitive areas identified at the same resolution as the forecast would be the most beneficial.

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